GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

全向攻击比例导引律的优化及其攻击特性研究

本文通过全向攻击引导律优化、攻击区研究以及脱靶量分析,提出一种为确定空空导弹的全向攻击导引律的研究方法。利用该方法可以获得导引品质优良而又易于实现的导引规律。它既能满足全面攻击要求,又有一定大小的攻击区、不大的脱靶量以及良好的弹道特性和适当放宽的初始射击精度要求。另外,本文还对攻击区“黑洞”进行了初步探讨。     

矩形截面高超声速进气道气动设计及实验验证

首先对矩形截面高超声速进气道设计方法进行了研究,给出了设计流程,并据此设计了矩形截面高超声速进气道.接着对其进行了三维数值仿真研究,给出了进气道性能参数随来流马赫数、飞行迎角及飞行高度的变化规律.最后设计了实验模型,并进行了高焓风洞实验验证.数值模拟及高焓风洞实验验证均表明:本文采用的设计方法可达到预期的设计效果,设计的进气道达到了相应的设计要求,本文采用的数值仿真方法可以较为准确地模拟高超声速进气道内的流动,数值模拟结果可信.     

蓝宝石光学窗口辐照效应

蓝宝石光学窗口在空间环境服役时,将会受到不同射线(如γ射线、X射线)以及离子流(如电子、质子等)的辐照作用,使其光学性质及结构发生变化,影响使用性能.为模拟空间环境,采用60Co源及电子流对蓝宝石进行辐照,研究了蓝宝石经辐照后的光学性能及结构变化,测试了蓝宝石辐照前后的表面粗糙度以及吸收光谱和荧光光谱变化.AFM实验表明,γ射线辐照对蓝宝石表面粗糙度几乎没有影响,而电子流辐照使得蓝宝石表面粗糙度增加.吸收光谱结果显示,蓝宝石经射γ线及电子流辐照后在紫外可见波段表现出较强的吸收,出现206,238,300和330 nm等吸收峰.荧光光谱发现335 nm和410 nm等荧光发光峰.曩后分析了色心产生原因,计算了辐照前后的色心浓度.     

机身整体壁板在轴压载荷下后屈曲计算及结构优化

以民机机身组装壁板为基准,设计了等重量的整体壁板结构,并分别建立了两种壁板的有限元模型.通过组装壁板轴压试验结果与非线性、大变形的有限元计算结果比较,对有限元模型进行了验证,两者结果吻合很好.在此基础上,有限元计算分析得出了组装壁板与整体壁板在轴压载荷下的破坏形式与承载能力的差异.结果表明,整体壁板承载能力比现有的组装壁板承载能力提高了18.4%.最后基于有限元模型与二次响应面模型对整体壁板尺寸进行优化,优化后壁板轴压承载能力不变,结构重量减轻了8.7%, 故为整体壁板设计提供了很好的依据.     

金属泡沫材料力学行为的研究概述

对金属泡沫材料力学行为的研究文献进行了简要综述,重点介绍了最近几年该领域研究工作的进展,其中也包括国内学者在该领域的一些工作.这些工作主要讨论了金属泡沫材料的拉伸、压缩、能量吸收、动态冲击、失效准则、本构关系、蠕变、疲劳和断裂等力学性能.最后,给出了对该领域工作的一些展望.      

六自由度Stewart平台动力学模型的特性分析

根据六自由度Stewart平台的动力学模型,利用矩阵分析的方法详细分析和证明了动力学模型的一些物理特性:动力学模型系数矩阵的有界性,矩阵函数的斜对称性以及动力学模型的线性参数化. 这些工作为基于六自由度Stewart平台动力学模型的非线性控制器设计、系统稳定性的证明以及系统物理参数的辨识奠定了理论基础.      

双谐振器敏感结构谐振式传感器

提出一种采用双谐振器敏感结构的谐振式传感器,传感器的敏感元件包括两个结构参数一致的谐振器,传感器的闭环控制系统由两个幅度控制器和一个反相器组成.分析了这样两个谐振器串联的频率特性,指出在谐振器固有频率点上,两个谐振器串联的相移是180°.给出了双谐振器敏感结构谐振式传感器闭环系统的实现方法,同时分析了当两个谐振器的结构参数不一致时,两个谐振器串联的频率特性.分析结果表明,两个结构参数相差不大的谐振器串联仍然可以构成自激闭环.双谐振器敏感结构谐振式传感器的闭环控制系统中去掉了移相环节,避免了由移相环节产生的相位漂移所引入的测量误差,并有效地提高了传感器的Q值.      

装实心和空心传动轴的动力涡轮转子动力特性对比研究

分别建立了装实心和空心传动轴动力涡轮转子动力特性的有限元分析模型,对2种情况的转子动力特性从理论上进行了系统的计算分析,并在试验器上对动力涡轮转子的临界转速等进行了验证,结果表明所建立的计算模型能较真实地反映转子的动力特性