The composition of heavy ions in solar energetic particle events

We review recent advances in determining the elemental, charge-state, and isotopic composition of 1 to 20 MeV per nucleon ions in solar energetic particle (SEP) events and outline our current understanding of the nature of solar and interplanetary processes which may explain the observations.The composition within individual SEP events may vary both with time and energy, and will in general be different from that in other SEP events. Average values of relative abundances measured in a large number of SEP events, however, are found to be roughly energy independent in the 1 to 20 MeV per nucleon range, and show a systematic deviation from photospheric abundances which seems to be organized in terms of the first ionization potential of the ion.Direct measurements of the charge states of SEPs have revealed the surprisingly common presence of energetic He⁺ along with heavy ions with typically coronal ionization states. High-resolution measurements of isotopic abundance ratios in a small number of SEP events show these to be consistent with the universal composition except for the puzzling overabundance of the SEP ²²Ne/²⁰Ne relative to this isotopes ratio in the solar wind. The broad spectrum of observed elemental abundance variations, which in their extreme result in composition anomalies characteristic of ³He-rich, heavy-ion rich and carbon-poor SEP events, along with direct measurements of the ionization states of SEPs provide essential information on the physical characteristics of, and conditions in the source regions, as well as important constraints to possible models for SEP production.It is concluded that SEP acceleration is a two-step process, beginning with plasma-wave heating of the ambient plasma in the lower corona, which may include pockets of cold material, and followed by acceleration to the observed energies by either flare-generated coronal shocks or Fermi-type processes in the corona. Interplanetary propagation as well as acceleration by interplanetary propagating shock will often further modify the composition of SEP events, especially at lower energies.     

双功能电子式温度报警器

设计了一种实用的双功能温度报警器，既可以给出环境温度低于某一值的报警，又可以给出温度高于某一值的报警，而且可以区分这两种不同的报警状态，文中给出温度高于某一值的报警状态，文中给出了详细的原理分析；传感的结构设计、依报警范围选择各参数的可靠的判据，并给出有关的误差分析。     

先进复合材料在直升机起落架上的应用探讨

随着复合材料在直升机机身结构上越来越广泛的应用，航空工程师们也非常关注先进复合材料在起落架结构上应用的可行性。本文从先进复合材料的基本性能入手，结合国外的研究现状，就先进复合材料在起落架具体结构的应用进行有益的探讨。     

军工科研院所的人力资源管理

通过对军工科研院所人力资源管理面临问题的研究，提出了相应的对策。军工科研院所要求生态、求发展，必须把人力资源的管理工作提高到战略管理的层次，人力资源政策必须同本单位的科研发展、技术创新战略同步制定。     

EPON的数据链路层与动态带宽分配

文章介绍了宽带光接入技术一EPON(Ethernet Passive Optical Network)———基于以太网的无源光纤网络技术。对EPON的基本结构、基本原理进行了简要的介绍,重点讨论了数据链路层的关键技术、动态带宽分配算法。     

光纤氢传感器

综述目前国内外光纤氢传感器的发展现状 ,介绍四种类型光纤氢传感器的结构、工作原理、性能及特点 ,并对它的应用前景作了展望。     

空间飞行器快速高精度姿态控制技术研究

针对空间飞行器在某些情况下对姿态偏差及姿态稳定度的严格要求 ,采用了超前网络校正和开关反馈控制的复合控制方法 ,同时从工程应用角度出发 ,对开关反馈的信号进行了调整 ,仿真结果表明这种复合控制在一定程度上解决了采用单一控制方式时控制精度与响应速度之间的矛盾。     

导弹翼面结构一次二阶矩法可靠性设计研究

给出了导弹翼面结构可靠性预测与可靠性设计的随机有限元一次二阶矩法的运算公式；提出了翼面壁板厚度与加强肋宽度作可靠性设计的思路；编制了用于微机的计算程序。试验证明：本文的方法适用于常用导弹翼面结构的可靠性预测与可靠性设计     

具有多层试验数据的成败型元件之串并联系统及并串联系统可靠性置信下限的近似解

设系统A由K个独立的子系统B_1,B_2,…,B_K并(串)联而成,设第i个子系统B_i又由m_i个相互独立的成败型元件C_(i1),C_(i2),…C_(imi)串(并)联而成,设有多层试验数据: 元件C_(ij)试验N_(ij)次,成功S_(ij)次,失败F_(ij)次(i=1,2,…,K,j=1,2,…,m_i) 子系统B_i有成败型试验数据:试验N_i次,成功S_i次,失败F_i次(i=1,2,…,K) 系统A有成败型试验数据:试验N次,成功S次,失败F次。 本文给出利用此多层成败型试验数据,求系统A的可靠性置信下限的近似解的方法,本文利用一、二阶矩拟合的原则将上述数据折合为原系统A的伪成败型数据:伪试验数N~*,伪成功数S~*,然后从N~*,S~*出发利用单个成败型元件之可靠性的经典精确方法求出原系统A的可靠性置信下限的近似值。本文推导了伪试验数N~*,伪成功数S~*的计算公式,并给出了计算实例。     

计算机图形系统发展简述

飞机座舱显示控制系统是航空电子系统的核心子系统,其技术基础之一是计算机图形学。本文简要介绍了计算机图形学的发展历史及其标准,重点分析了计算机图形系统从专业图形工作站到PC机到嵌入式设备的发展历程,可作为研究机载嵌入式图形系统的理论背景。