双肋式微型气动阀的数值计算与实验

 针对现有微型三角阀效率低的问题,提出双肋式气动阀这一新型微阀,通过两级带圆弧过渡的收敛形肋条,在减小正向气流压力损失的同时,引导逆向气流分为3股后再呈“Y”形汇聚,产生强烈的相互撞击而抵消部分动能,从而减小逆向流量以提高效率。通过数值计算对双肋式气动阀的作用原理进行了分析与验证;加工了特征尺寸为1 mm的三角阀、梯形阀与双肋阀实验件,并设计了相应的实验方案,在微流体实验平台上进行了对比实验。结果表明双肋阀能大幅提高效率：对不可压流,双肋阀可将效率从普通阀的2%～3%提升至14%左右;对可压流,双肋阀能将效率从2%提升至约13%。     

线对空间回转轴线的平行度测量方法的研究

提出一种线对空间回转轴线平行度的测量方法,并进行误差分析。     

Coronal Observations of CMEs

CMEs have been observed for over 30 years with a wide variety of instruments. It is now possible to derive detailed and quantitative information on CME morphology, velocity, acceleration and mass. Flares associated with CMEs are observed in X-rays, and several different radio signatures are also seen. Optical and UV spectra of CMEs both on the disk and at the limb provide velocities along the line of sight and diagnostics for temperature, density and composition. From the vast quantity of data we attempt to synthesize the current state of knowledge of the properties of CMEs, along with some specific observed characteristics that illuminate the physical processes occurring during CME eruption. These include the common three-part structures of CMEs, which is generally attributed to compressed material at the leading edge, a low-density magnetic bubble and dense prominence gas. Signatures of shock waves are seen, but the location of these shocks relative to the other structures and the occurrence rate at the heights where Solar Energetic Particles are produced remains controversial. The relationships among CMEs, Moreton waves, EIT waves, and EUV dimming are also cloudy. The close connection between CMEs and flares suggests that magnetic reconnection plays an important role in CME eruption and evolution. We discuss the evidence for reconnection in current sheets from white-light, X-ray, radio and UV observations. Finally, we summarize the requirements for future instrumentation that might answer the outstanding questions and the opportunities that new space-based and ground-based observatories will provide in the future.     

高性能螺旋桨优化设计

无人多旋翼飞行器使用的桨叶以固定翼螺旋桨为主,但其气动环境与固定翼不尽相同。使用逆向重构技术对原始桨叶进行参数化建模,并基于CFD数值计算技术对参数化基准模型的扭转角分布规律和叶型积叠方式在垂直飞行状态下进行优化设计。结果表明:在功率允许范围内,桨叶在悬停状态下的效率有了较大提升。     

涡桨飞机发动机进气道排除异物特性数值方法研究

根据适航规范针对常见的两种外来异物：冰雹与冰块进行本体特性研究,确定两种外来异物的几何、质量以及初始姿态特性。耦合计算流体力学(CFD)以及六自由度方法(6DOF),开展涡桨发动机进气道以及旁通道中的异物运动排除特性数值模拟,分析其气动特性以及运动轨迹。针对运动中可能存在的碰撞现象,进一步联合LS-DYNA软件进行仿真分析,建立合理有效的涡桨发动机进气道外来异物排除数值模拟方法。以某型涡桨发动机为例,两种异物的计算结果表明,一旦异物与壁面发生碰撞,碎裂成若干很小的碎块,能量损失,对发动机威胁较小,无论是进入主发动机或者旁通道,均可认为排除。但是,由于下壁面结冰区的冰块容易直接进入主发动机,有可能造成严重影响,需要重点关注。     

临近空间动能拦截器神经反演姿态控制器设计

为满足临近空间动能拦截器姿态控制快速性、准确性和鲁棒性的要求,设计了一种自适应神经反演姿态控制器。首先,建立了姿控发动机侧喷干扰模型,并推导了包含质心漂移、参数摄动和外界干扰的三通道强耦合模型;其次,设计了自适应神经反演姿态控制器,为提高控制精度,采用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络对各个通道的不确定项进行估计和补偿,并基于最小学习参数的思想,将神经网络学习参数拟合为一个参数,提高了RBF计算效率,保证了估计的实时性。最后,采用伪速率（PSR）脉冲调制器将设计的连续控制律转化为脉冲控制律,实现了拦截器的变推力控制,并克服了脉冲脉宽调制（PWPF）调制器相位滞后问题。数字仿真表明,所设计的控制器收敛速度快,控制精度高,对强扰动具有鲁棒性。     

面向增材制造的飞行器结构优化设计关键问题

围绕飞行器复杂结构整体构型研制的高性能、轻量化苛刻需求,着重介绍了面向增材制造的结构优化设计面临的系列关键问题以及相关研究成果。分别从面向增材制造的结构多承载环节整体优化建模与性能分析、整体结构多学科性能与功能综合设计方法、跨尺度结构-微结构性能表征与尺度效应的影响机理,以及增材制造工艺对整体结构件性能的影响机理和制造工艺约束4个方面,阐述如何从结构力学与工艺力学角度科学实现最优性能设计与先进增材制造技术的完美匹配与融合。     

铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃电磁散射特性试验

座舱玻璃镀膜是实现飞行器隐身技术的重要途径之一。利用雷达散射截面(RCS)均值增益研究铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃隐身性能;针对不同方块电阻的铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃,进行系列化RCS暗室测试,分析不同入射频率、极化方式的电磁散射特性。结果表明:方块电阻增大时电磁散射减弱,合适的方块电阻(小于40Ω/m~2)有利于实现座舱外形隐身,散射特性与金属接近,频率较高时,镜面散射波峰较窄。     

An experimental system for release simulation of internal stores in a supersonic wind tunnel

Aerodynamic parameters obtained from separation experiments of internal stores in a wind tunnel are significant in aircraft designs. Accurate wind tunnel tests can help to improve the release stability of the stores and in-flight safety of the aircrafts in supersonic environments.A simulative system for free drop experiments of internal stores based on a practical project is provided in this paper. The system contains a store release mechanism, a control system and an attitude measurement system. The release mechanism adopts a six-bar linkage driven by a cylinder, which ensures the release stability. The structure and initial aerodynamic parameters of the stores are also designed and adjusted. A high speed vision measurement system for high speed rolling targets is utilized to measure the pose parameters of the internal store models and an optimizing method for the coordinates of markers is presented based on a priori model. The experimental results show excellent repeatability of the system, and indicate that the position measurement precision is less than0.13 mm, and the attitude measurement precision for pitch and yaw angles is less than 0.126°, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests. A separation experiment for the internal stores is also conducted in the FL-3 wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research Institute.     

嵌入式大气数据传感系统研究进展

大气数据的精确测量对飞行器的导航与控制至关重要。相较于传统的探针式大气数据测量系统,嵌入式大气数据传感系统更适用于隐身性能要求、大迎角飞行要求的飞行器或高超声速飞行器。回顾了嵌入式大气数据传感系统的发展历程,介绍了该系统完整的组成部分及其工作原理,并指出该系统在应用时的四项关键技术(测压孔布局、气动模型及求解算法、校正算法、故障检测及管理技术),结合国外多种飞行器上该系统不同的应用方案,分别对比分析四项关键技术不同应用方式的优缺点;指出了该系统的四项关键技术均会影响系统精度及可靠性,实际应用中需综合考虑选择其应用方式;最后展望了该系统在未来航空航天领域的应用。