空间领域用高性能聚酰亚胺薄膜现状与发展

新型材料发展是推动航天器发展的动力之一。聚酰亚胺薄膜被誉为新一代的“黄金膜”,广泛应用于航天航空、电子封装、新能源等重要领域。文章以航天器特殊环境用薄膜材料需求为背景,重点介绍几种新型聚酰亚胺薄膜特性及其在航天器中的应用,给出了高性能聚酰亚胺薄膜材料在空间领域里的应用前景。     

航天器多继电器线圈并联电路的可靠性研究

航天器配电系统中广泛采用多继电器线圈并联电路作为平台设备和负载的供电通路开关。文章从继电器互感效应入手,对多继电器线圈并联电路在指令发出、指令结束2 种工况下的电路可靠性进行了分析,结果表明目前常用的继电器线圈并联电路存在可靠性隐患。因此,针对隐患提出了在继电器线圈前串接二极管的电路可靠性优化方案。试验结果表明,优化后的电路形式可以有效提高电路的可靠性。     

Human Four-Dimensional Spatial Judgments of Hyper-Volume

The dimensionality limitation of human spatial representations has been a long-lasting, unsolved issue in psychology, mathematics, and philosophy. The present study examined the possibility of human four-dimensional spatial representations using a spatial judgment task on hyper-volume, a novel property unique to higher dimensional space. Observers studied visual simulations of random wireframe hyper-tetrahedrons (4-simplexes) rotating around the y-z plane and judged their hyper-volume by adjusting the size of a 4-D block. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant correlation between the responses and the actual hyper-volume but not the definition-based, lower-dimensional cues such as the mean 3-D volume, providing empirical evidence of human 4-D spatial representations that can support judgments of certain novel, high-dimensional properties.     

方位向非均匀采样对多通道天线星载SAR成像性能的影响

方位向周期性非均匀采样是多通道天线星载SAR系统设计时需要考虑的一个重要因素。针对多通道天线星载SAR系统中存在的方位向周期性非均匀采样对成像性能的影响进行了分析。在建立多通道天线星载SAR回波信号模型的基础上,根据成对回波理论和匹配滤波原理推导了由方位向周期性非均匀采样所造成的虚假目标位置与强度的计算公式,并结合成像处理过程分析了二维成像处理算法对虚假目标的影响,给出了二维成像处理后所得到的虚假目标强度计算公式。最后,通过计算机仿真验证推导与分析的正确性。     

Fault Estimation and Accommodation for a Class of Nonlinear System Based on Neural Network Observer

The problem of fault estimation and accommodation of nonlinear systems with disturbances is studied using adaptive observer and neural network techniques.A robust adaptive learning algorithm based on switchingβsmodification is developed to realize the accurate and fast estimation of unknown actuator faults or component faults.Then a fault tolerant controller is designed to restore system performance.Dynamic error convergence and system stability can be guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,simulation results of quadrotor helicopter attitude systems are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques.     

An Improved Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Method for Altitude and Attitude Control of Nano Quad-Rotors under Persistent Uncertainties

Nonlinear dynamic inversion(NDI)has been applied to the control law design of quad-rotors mainly thanks to its good robustness and simplicity of parameter tuning.However,the weakness of relying on accurate model greatly restrains its application on quad-rotors,especially nano quad-rotors(NQRs).NQRs are easy to be influenced by uncertainties such as model uncertainties(mainly from complicated aerodynamic interferences,strong coupling in roll-pitch-yaw channels and inaccurate aerodynamic prediction of rotors)and external uncertainties(mainly from winds or gusts),particularly persistent ones.Therefore,developing accurate model for altitude and attitude control of NQRs is difficult.To solve this problem,in this paper,an improved nonlinear dynamic inversion(INDI)method is developed,which can reject the above-mentioned uncertainties by estimating them and then counteracting in real time using linear extended state observer(LESO).Comparison with the traditional NDI(TNDI)method was carried out numerically,and the results show that,in coping with persistent uncertainties,the INDI-based method presents significant superiority.     

Thermal-Fluid Coupling Simulation of Ventilation Cooling System of Generator Based on FLOWMASTER

By taking a 2.3 MW double-fed asynchronous generator as an example,a new method for fast simulation analysis of ventilation cooling system inside generator is proposed based on the one-dimensional simulation software FLOWMASTER.The thermal-fluid coupling simulation model of ventilation cooling system inside generator is established.Under the stable running state of the generator,the flow velocity distribution and temperature rise of the key parts of the generator are analyzed.The results prove that the ventilation structure design of the generator meets the temperature rise limit.The simulation results are compared with the theoretical calculation results and the experimental results,which verify the correctness of the thermal-fluid coupling simulation method proposed in this paper.     

Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous N/O Functionalized Carbon Derived from Blighted Grains Towards Electrochemical Capacitors

The hierarchical porous N/O co-functionalized carbon(HPNOC)was scalably prepared by using the lowcost and renewable blighted grains as the raw material coupled with mild KHCO_3 activation for electrochemical capacitors(ECs).The elemental N was in situ doped in the obtained HPNOC without any N-containing additives.Remarkably,the obtained HPNOC was endowed with a large specific surface area(about 2 624m~2·g~(-1)),high pore volume(about 1.35cm~3·g~(-1)),as well as high-content N/O functionalization(about 1.9%(in atom)N and about 10.2%(in atom)O.Furthermore,the as-resulted HPNOC electrode with a high mass loading of 5mg·cm~(-2 )exhibited competitive gravimetric capacitances of about 373.6F·g~(-1 )at 0.5A·g~(-1),and even about 260.4F·g~(-1 )at a high rate of 10A·g~(-1);superior capacitance retention of about 98.8%at 1A·g~(-1 )over 10 000consecutive cycles;and high specific energy of about 9.6W·h·kg~(-1 )at a power of 500W·kg~(-1),when evaluated as a promising electrode in 6mol KOH for advanced electrochemical supercapacitors.More encouragingly,the green synthetic strategy we developed holds a huge promise in generalizing for other biomass-derived carbon materials for versatile energy-related applications.     

Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.     

含边缘裂纹铝合金厚板的复合材料双面修补研究

采用表面打磨,80℃、接触压固化的方法,利用碳纤维/双马复合材料预固化补片对边缘裂纹的铝合金厚板进行双面胶接修补,测试修补前后的静态和疲劳性能,并结合高低温老化和常温油浸试验考核其耐煤油性。结果表明:修补后平均破坏载荷由94.313 kN增加到143.593 kN,提高了52.25%;疲劳寿命由2 019次循环增加到34 698次循环,提高了16.19倍;临界裂纹长度由13.5 mm增加为27.5 mm;裂纹扩展速率由2.72 mm/1 000循环降低为0.59 mm/1 000循环。在300次循环高低温油浸及180 d的常温油浸试验条件下,燃油对试验件疲劳性能无影响,同时修补试验件对煤油品质无明显影响。