Drag Reducing and Increasing Mechanism on Triangular Riblet Surface

Drag reducing and increasing mechanism on riblet surface has been studied through computational fluid dynamics(CFD).Drag reduction is achieved through the optimization of riblet geometry which would affect flow structure inside riblet grooves.Force and flow structure on riblet surface are analyzed and compared with those of smooth surface based on the k-εturbulence model.Drag reducing and increasing mechanism is proved to be related to microvortexes induced inside riblets which lead to Reynolds shear stress reduction significantly and is considered to be the dominant factor resulting in wall friction reduction.Simulation results also show that the pressure drag generating from the deviation of static pressure on the front and rear ends of riblets occurs and grows exponentially with Mach number,which can cause drag increasing.Furthermore,near-wall vortical structures,Reynolds shear stress and static pressure on riblet surfaces are also analyzed in detail.     

Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

Fault Estimation and Accommodation for a Class of Nonlinear System Based on Neural Network Observer

The problem of fault estimation and accommodation of nonlinear systems with disturbances is studied using adaptive observer and neural network techniques.A robust adaptive learning algorithm based on switchingβsmodification is developed to realize the accurate and fast estimation of unknown actuator faults or component faults.Then a fault tolerant controller is designed to restore system performance.Dynamic error convergence and system stability can be guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,simulation results of quadrotor helicopter attitude systems are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques.     

在实时嵌入式环境下利用电子盘实现大容量数据记录的软件设计研究

嵌入式环境和实时操作系统目前广泛应用于航空领域。本文在介绍嵌入式系统的基础上,重点对实时多任务环境下大容量数据记录的实现方式进行了研究和利用,最后展望了电子盘实时多任务系统中记录大容量数据的前景。     

Microwave Photonics for Modern Radar Systems

The emerging new concepts and technologies based on microwave photonics have led to an ever-increasing interest in developing innovative radar systems with a net gain in functionality, bandwidth/resolution, size, mass, complexity and cost when compared with the traditional implementations. This paper describes the techniques de- veloped in the last few years in microwave photonics that might revolutionize the way to design multifunction radar systems, with an emphasis on the recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators （OEOs）, arbitrary waveform gener- ation, photonic mixing, phase coding, filtering, beamforming, analog-to-digital conversion, and stable radio-fre- quency signal transfer. Challenges in implementation of these components and subsystems for meeting the technique requirements of the multifunction radar applications are discussed.     

An Improved Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Method for Altitude and Attitude Control of Nano Quad-Rotors under Persistent Uncertainties

Nonlinear dynamic inversion(NDI)has been applied to the control law design of quad-rotors mainly thanks to its good robustness and simplicity of parameter tuning.However,the weakness of relying on accurate model greatly restrains its application on quad-rotors,especially nano quad-rotors(NQRs).NQRs are easy to be influenced by uncertainties such as model uncertainties(mainly from complicated aerodynamic interferences,strong coupling in roll-pitch-yaw channels and inaccurate aerodynamic prediction of rotors)and external uncertainties(mainly from winds or gusts),particularly persistent ones.Therefore,developing accurate model for altitude and attitude control of NQRs is difficult.To solve this problem,in this paper,an improved nonlinear dynamic inversion(INDI)method is developed,which can reject the above-mentioned uncertainties by estimating them and then counteracting in real time using linear extended state observer(LESO).Comparison with the traditional NDI(TNDI)method was carried out numerically,and the results show that,in coping with persistent uncertainties,the INDI-based method presents significant superiority.     

非线性刚度对微机械陀螺动态性能的影响*

为了提高微机械陀螺的稳定性,研究自由振动状态下活动基座上L-L型双质量微机械陀螺的动态性能,建立微机械陀螺的数学模型,得到以幅值-相位为变量的运动微分方程的解,并给出这种解与轨道元素的联系。研究框架质量和弹性件非线性刚度对陀螺漂移量的影响,并给出数值例子。对所得到的解析关系式与曲线进行分析,作出关于系统性能的相应结论。     

Ionospheric F2-Layer critical frequency retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation: A statistical comparison with measurements from a meridional ionosonde chain over Southeast Asia

In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.