考虑瞬态特性的无人机自适应容错控制设计

针对固定翼无人机纵向轨迹跟踪控制问题,基于反馈线性化和模型跟随控制设计基础控制器,实现无故障情况下闭环系统的稳定和轨迹渐近跟踪控制。考虑固定翼无人机的执行器可能发生不同类型及大小的故障,分别针对各种不同故障模式设计与之对应的补偿控制器。为综合解决执行器故障的多重不确定性问题,采用加权融合与自适应控制相结合的方式设计综合控制器结构,并对与故障相关的控制器参数进行估计。最后,通过在基础控制器设计中添加H∞补偿项,以抑制故障补偿控制器参数估计误差对闭环系统输出跟踪性能造成的不利影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方案不仅能保证闭环系统的稳定性,而且在发生不确定执行器故障的情况下,固定翼无人机姿态控制系统输出能渐近跟踪给定的参考模型输出,通过设计适当的H∞补偿器参数可以改善故障补偿控制过程中的瞬态性能。     

机翼前缘结冰对大飞机纵向模态特性的影响

结冰导致飞机气动特性恶化,进而影响飞行品质。针对机翼前缘结冰条件下飞机全包线范围飞行品质评估问题,提出了基于自适应拟配初值的等效系统拟配方法,构建了机翼前缘结冰构型,并通过数值模拟得到背景飞机机翼前缘结冰气动数据。建立了飞机系统模型,进行升降舵倍脉冲操纵,进而得到飞机的响应数据。分析数据特征计算了自适应拟配初值,在飞机全包线范围内干净构型及不同结冰严重程度条件下进行了等效系统拟配,获得了纵向短周期飞行模态特性参数,进而得出相应的飞行品质等级。仿真结果表明：结冰会对飞机模态特性造成影响,使得飞行品质降低,严重时可能导致飞行品质发生降级。     

A two-step weighted least-squares method for joint estimation of source and sensor locations: A general framework

It is well known that the Two-step Weighted Least-Squares(TWLS) is a widely used method for source localization and sensor position refinement. For this reason, we propose a unified framework of the TWLS method for joint estimation of multiple disjoint sources and sensor locations in this paper. Unlike some existing works, the presented method is based on more general measurement model, and therefore it can be applied to many different localization scenarios.Besides, it does not have the initialization and local convergence problem. The closed-form expression for the covariance matrix of the proposed TWLS estimator is also derived by exploiting the first-order perturbation analysis. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the TWLS method is shown analytically to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB) before the threshold effect takes place. The theoretical analysis is also performed in a common mathematical framework, rather than aiming at some specific signal metrics. Finally, two numerical experiments are performed to support the theoretical development in this paper.     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

高性能纤维的可织性研究进展

高性能纤维的可织性反映了高性能纤维在织造成形加工中的抗损伤能力,其优劣直接影响织造效率和最终复材制品的性能和质量。本文内容涉及碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维和多种无机陶瓷纤维的可织性研究。主要介绍了高性能纤维的三维机织损伤表征与优化技术,阐述了其可织性评价方法的研究现状与进展,归纳了不同类型高性能纤维织造适应性的改善方法,最后提出了本领域亟待解决的问题和主攻方向。     

3D打印骨架增强石蜡燃料燃烧机理实验研究

针对固-液混合火箭发动机中石蜡基固体燃料机械性能差的问题,使用3D打印聚合物骨架镶嵌石蜡的方法增强了石蜡基燃料的结构强度,分析了骨架增强石蜡燃料在直/旋流喷注下的燃烧机理。通过对七种骨架材料进行SEM扫描、力学、热力学分析和纯氧条件下的燃烧试验,获得了不同骨架材料的微观表面结构、机械性能、热分解性能以及在纯氧环境下的燃烧性能;使用直/旋流固-气掺混燃烧试验系统,开展了螺旋型和六角型骨架增强石蜡燃料的燃烧试验,并与ABS固体燃料进行了对比。结果显示,在多种骨架材料中,ABS材料加工性能、机械性能及热分解性能良好;燃烧过程中,骨架增强石蜡燃料结构稳定性良好,石蜡液滴主要出现在石蜡-骨架交界处;旋流喷注和螺旋型骨架可促进石蜡液滴的夹带现象;在直流喷注工况中,骨架的凹槽结构增加了燃料与氧化剂的接触面积,尾部骨架结构具有稳焰作用,可促进后燃烧室的掺混燃烧;石蜡燃料和骨架燃速差异较大,发动机内弹道性能可能受此影响。     

基于热电偶反串的温升效率测量不确定度分析

针对轴流压气机气动性能试验中存在的低压比温升效率评估问题,构建了常规测温方法与反串测温方法测量的温升效率不确定度数学分析模型,并采用某单级压气机真实试验数据进行了两种测温方法不确定度的对比分析。结果表明：相比常规测温方法,反串测温方法不仅消除了热电偶冷端环境温度测量引入的不确定度,还大幅降低了进口温度测量引入的不确定度,使温升效率测量不确定度减小幅度在30%以上。     

舰载机着舰指标体系构建

舰载机着舰的难度很大、要求很高,而着舰系统的复杂性又使得指标要求涉及很多方面。为了从整体上明确着舰的指标要求,从而有利于着舰理论和工程等研究,整理了公开文献中分散的指标要求,并梳理了指标间的逻辑关系,最终构建了着舰指标体系,将指标归纳到总体框架中。研究结果对着舰的控制与分析等具有一定的参考价值。     

航磁补偿技术及补偿质量的评价方法

航磁补偿的目的是要消除飞机平台引入的干扰磁场,对于高精度航空磁探来说,磁补偿质量直接制约了探测效果。文章按照航磁补偿的执行步骤进行了飞机平台磁干扰建模、模型参数求解方法、补偿飞行方案。另外,为了对补偿飞行的质量进行有效控制,采用量化指标对磁补偿效果进行评价,判定补偿效果的优劣。最后,基于 MFC软件平台开发了航磁补偿系数求解及补偿质量评价软件。