Eruptive prominences as sources of magnetic clouds in the solar wind

Large amounts of coronal material are propelled outward into interplanetary space by Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Thus one might expect to find evidence for expanding flux ropes in the solar wind as well. To prove this assumption magnetic clouds were analyzed and correlated with H-observations of disappearing filaments. When clouds were found to be directly associated with a disappearing filament, the magnetic structure of the cloud was compared with that of the associated filament. Additionally the expansion of magnetic clouds was examined over a wide range of the heliosphere and compared with the expansion observed for erupting prominences.     

500 – 3200 Å observations of the interacting binary stars V356 Sgr and β Lyr

In this paper we present new results from the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometers and the IUE spacecraft on V356 Sgr and β Lyr. The V356 Sgr observations cover, in detail, two eclipses and include one IUE high dispersion SWP image. During both eclipses the total strength of the UV emission lines were found to be invariant. Also, an uneclipsed UV continuum was detected at wavelengths shorter than 1600 Å. The IUE high dispersion SWP spectrum revealed that the emission lines are extremely broad, almost symmetrical lines with weak, slightly blue shifted absorption components. No evidence of carbon is seen in the emission or absorption spectrum of V356 Sgr in eclipse. A model for the origin of the circumstellar matter in this binary system is presented. The Voyager ultraviolet observations of β Lyr show a strong far-UV continuum that is detectable down to 912 Å The far-UV continuum flux level was variable on time scales shorter than the orbital period and displayed no obvious orbital modulation or eclipses. The spectral shape of the far-UV continuum closely resembles that of a UX UMa type cataclysmic variable. On 16 August 1985 an rapid brightening of the far-UV continuum was observed which was also reminiscent of cataclysmic variables. Analysis of the β Lyr data suggest that the central object must be small, with a radius on the order of 1 R_⊙ or less.     

Geostationary tether satellite system and its application tocommunication systems

The geostationary tether satellite system expands the geostationary orbit resource from a one-dimensional arc into a two-dimensional disk. The tethered satellites, each several thousand kilometers apart and aligned along the local vertical, are stabilized at the altitude of the geosynchronous orbital speed. When this system is applied to communications systems, it is estimated that the number of satellites can be increased as much as thirteenfold and the communication capacity can be increased more than seventeenfold, compared with a conventional geostationary satellite orbit system     

Transient Modeling of Synchronous Machine-Transformer-SCR Bridge

A rigorous mathematical model of a synchronouschine-machine-transformer-thyristor bridge unit is presented in state-space form with coefficients that are explicit functions of standard parameters. The developed model has a minimum order for each of the various operation modes of the bridge, and its form is such that it can be readily interfaced with any type of dc network connected to the bridge. In addition, the model has the capability to consider different types of transformer winding connections. In a digital simulation, the explicit form of the state model eliminates the need of matrix inversions at each integration step. This and the use of the ?, ? reference frame result in a high computing efficiency and accuracy. As an illustration, simulation results are shown of a case study where the unit is part of a high-power pulse generating system.     

Statistical Technique for Radar Amplitude Calibration

A statistical technique for amplitude calibration of radar systems is presented. As distinct from the input-output crosscorrelation measurement of a linear system impulse response [1], this technique measures the amplitude transfer function of a memoryless, nonlinear system. A generalized theory is developed and calibration accuracy bounds are derived. Used in the calibration of a modern pulsed radar, the technique is compared with conventional reference pulse calibration. The relative merits of the deterministic and statistical approaches are compared.     

Photoelectron Counting Statistics and Error Performance of m-Distributed Optical Signal

By the term "m-distributed optical signal" we mean a noise-like optical signal whose envelope (or intensity) fluctuation probability is modeled by Nakagami's "m-distribution." Using the m-distribution which has been widely used as an analytical model of the fading envelope in radio communications, it is shown that one can generally analyze the statistical properties such as the photoelectron count probabilities and error probabilities for the wider class of noise-like optical signals; some numerical results are also given.     

Error Analysis of Space-Stable Inertial Navigation Systems

The error equations for a space-stable inertial navigation system are derived. This is done by directly perturbing the mechanization equations in the inertial frame and then transforming in open-loop fashion to the local-level frame. A rotating inertial platform and velocity and altitude damping are considered. The relations between errors in space-stable and local-level systems are noted. Numerical results are presented for certain random error sources.     

Geomagnetic micropulsations and diagnostics of the magnetosphere

Plasma oscillations in a wide range of spectrum exist in the magnetosphere. Part of them penetrate the ionosphere and are recorded on the earth's surface. In the range of frequencies from millihertz to several hertz, the so-called micropulsations (ULF) are observed. In the range from hundred of hertz to several kilohertz the low-frequency emissions (VLF) are registered. Both types of emissions contain interesting and important information on the physical parameters of the magnetosphere and on the processes developing in it. The following paper describes the main problems of the diagnostics of the magnetosphere, which are based on the surface observations of micropulsations.In the first part of the paper, a short summary of theoretical conceptions on micropulsations is given. The main part of the paper describes the methods of diagnostics of the location of the boundary of the magnetosphere, of cold-plasma concentration in the outer regions of the magnetosphere, as well as of the energies and fluxes of fast charged particles in the geomagnetic trap. Some experimental results of the diagnostics of the parameters of the magnetosphere are given. Advantages and deficiencies of the existing methods of surface diagnostics are discussed, and the directions of further investigations are traced.     

用光散射效应分析激波管内膨胀率对水蒸气成核与凝结的影响

用多重光散射法对水蒸气在激波管中的自发成核凝结过程进行了实验研究，分析了膨胀率对成核率和凝结过程的影响。根据理论计算和实测数据结果，所得结论是：膨胀率增大。会造成过饱和度、成核率、凝结质量份额和液滴生长率相应地增大。     

Evaluating a multiple-hypothesis multitarget tracking algorithm

The performance evaluation of multiple-hypothesis, multitarget tracking algorithm is presented. We are primarily interested in target-detection/track-initiation capabilities as measures of performance. Through Monte Carlo simulations, a multiple-hypothesis tracking algorithm was evaluated in terms of 1) probability of establishing a track from target returns and 2) false track density. A radar was chosen as the sensor, and a general multiple-hypothesis, multitarget tracking algorithm was used in the Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results predict the probability of establishing a track from returns of a target as well as the false track density per scan volume per unit time. The effects of the target radar cross section and the radar power, measured through the mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were studied, as were the effects of detection threshold and track quality threshold. Computational requirements were also investigated