虚拟维修技术研究与应用

针对虚拟维修在建模与仿真等核心环节的研究中存有很大局限的问题,提出了虚拟维修方法体系,探讨虚拟维修理论与方法,在此基础上开展虚拟维修模型与仿真控制方法的深入研究.提出虚拟维修模型即维修任务网(MTN,Maintenance Task Net),MTN基于Petri网可描述维修过程,可表达维修过程中资源、活动和约束.提出MTN驱动虚拟仿真的触发规则及建立控制虚拟维修仿真机制.通过飞机典型设备维修案例对提出的虚拟维修模型和控制机制进行了实例验证,应用结果验证了建模与仿真方法的有效性,为支持维修性工程应用提供了可行的技术途径.      

基于GSPN的飞机前轮转弯系统安全性评估

为解决在缺乏统计数据时无法对系统安全性进行评估的问题,提出将系统广义随机Petri网(GSPN,Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets)与经典评估相结合的方法.以某型尚处于设计阶段的飞机前轮转弯系统为研究对象,通过分析该系统结构功能图,建立出系统故障类型和影响分析(FMEA,Failure Modes and Effects Analysis)表;依照经典公式,求出系统各单元及其故障类型的故障率、维修度、平均无故障时间和平均维修时间等数据;将求得的数据与前轮转弯系统的GSPN模型相结合,利用TimeNET软件求得系统各故障类型的稳态失效概率;联立经验公式及危险度矩阵图对系统的安全性进行评估.经测评,该型飞机前轮转弯系统安全性符合设计要求.      

LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life

Abstract Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the "tiger stripes" area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10?μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H(2)O, CO(2), CH(4), NH(3), Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission. Key Words: Astrobiology-Habitability-Enceladus-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 12, 730-742.     

乘波飞行器气动优化设计的关键技术与进展

乘波飞行器以高升阻比以及高度一体化性能成为国内外高超声速临近空间飞行器研究的热点。介绍了乘波飞行器气动优化设计的发展现状,重点分析了机体/推进一体化设计、增升减阻降热设计和优化设计方法的关键技术,提出了乘波飞行器气动优化设计的一种思路,并对未来进一步的研究进行了展望。     

民用客机增升装置气动噪声研究进展

随着民用飞机数量的快速增加,航空噪声问题日益引起世界范围的关注。增升装置作为重要的机体噪声源之一以其流动复杂性和声源多样性成为民用航空气动声学的难点之一,欧美各国为此开展了大量的研究。总结了增升装置气动噪声的产生机理以及控制措施的研究现状,在此基础上还特别关注了目前工业部门气动与声学的设计思想及需求。     

翼身组合体的变可信度优化设计

基于信赖域思想,发展了一种变可信度优化设计方法组织和管理不同可信度模型,有效利用低可信度模型建立近似模型,进行优化设计,高可信度模型仅修正优化近似模型,使最终优化结果收敛到高可信度模型上.采用全位势边界层有粘无粘迭代方法作为低可信度模型,多重网格Navier-Stokes方程方法作为高可信度模型,对翼身组合体进行优化设计,优化结果表明:发展的变可信度优化方法优化效率高,且能保证优化精度,具有实际的工程应用价值.     

An alternative Shell inversion technique - Analysis and validation based on COSMIC and ionosonde data

Multi-channel Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase signals, received by the six low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) program, were used to undertake active limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere via radio occultation. In the ionospheric radio occultation (IRO) data processing, the standard Shell inversion technique (SIT), transformed from the traditional Abel inversion technique (AIT), is widely used, and can retrieve good electron density profiles. In this paper, an alternative SIT method is proposed. The comparison between different inversion techniques will be discussed, taking advantage of the availability of COSMIC datasets. Moreover, the occultation results obtained from the SIT and alternative SIT at 500 km and 800 km, are compared with ionosonde measurements. The electron densities from the alternative SIT show excellent consistency to those from the SIT, with strong correlations over 0.996 and 0.999 at altitudes of 500 km and 800 km, respectively, and the peak electron densities (N_mF₂) from the alternative SIT are equivalent to the SIT, with 0.839 vs. 0.844, and 0.907 vs. 0.909 correlation coefficients when comparing to those by the ionosondes. These results show that: (1) the N_mF₂ and h_mF₂ retrieved from the SIT and alternative SIT are highly consistent, and in a good agreement with those measured by ionosondes, (2) no matter which inversion technique is used, the occultation results at the higher orbits (∼800 km) are better than those at the lower orbits (∼500 km).     

采用信标的大型可展开天线指向控制方法

为提高大型可展开天线的指向控制精度,并适应喷气卸载等在轨工况,基于Craig-Bampton法建立了表征柔性天线指向的动力学模型,在此基础上提出了一种采用信标的大天线指向控制方法.该方法先基于卡尔曼滤波,对大天线的振动状态进行检测,若天线未出现明显振动,则通过信标敏感器修正天线指向偏差,同时引入星本体姿态敏感器以保证稳定性;若天线振动超过阈值,则仅引入星本体敏感器以衰减振动,直至天线未出现明显振动.最后利用瑟拉亚(Thuraya)卫星的在轨实测热变形数据进行了仿真验证.结果表明,在未受到喷气扰动时,大天线指向精度优于±0.02°,在受到喷气扰动后,系统可正确检测并切换跟踪输入.这说明,该指向控制方法在保证稳定性的同时,可以有效修正大天线指向偏差,并能适应在轨位保、卸载喷气工况.     

中段弹道目标微动特性仿真分析

对弹道目标进行运动特性建模分析是高分辨逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像中运动补偿及成像时间段选取的关键。结合弹道目标中段飞行的轨迹特点和速度特征,采用坐标变换的方法对中段弹道目标的运动参数和雷达视线入射角的变化进行推导计算,探讨中段弹道目标在雷达视线方向相对雷达的运动规律,并分析目标微动特性对雷达视线入射角的影响。仿真结果表明,在成像积累时间内无机动轨道的弹道目标到雷达的径向距离接近等速变化,且目标的进动特性会带来目标自旋轴与雷达视线夹角成正弦周期性变化。     

3D-Cf / Mg 复合材料的热残余应力研究

采用随动硬化有限元模型,研究了三维碳纤维增强镁基复合材料(3D-Cf/Mg)基体热残余应力的大小、分布以及不同工艺处理对热残余应力的影响。同时,对复合材料进行了高、低温处理,利用XRD定性分析了处理前后复合材料基体热残余应力的变化。计算结果表明:经过-196℃低温处理后,复合材料基体的平均Mises热残余应力由169.06 MPa减小至55.29 MPa;高温处理后,基体平均热残余应力几乎不变。该结果与实验结果吻合,证明了低温处理能明显降低复合材料基体的热残余应力。