Magnetospheric Science Objectives of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juno</Emphasis> Mission

In July 2016, NASA’s Juno mission becomes the first spacecraft to enter polar orbit of Jupiter and venture deep into unexplored polar territories of the magnetosphere. Focusing on these polar regions, we review current understanding of the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere and summarize the outstanding issues. The Juno mission profile involves (a) a several-week approach from the dawn side of Jupiter’s magnetosphere, with an orbit-insertion maneuver on July 6, 2016; (b) a 107-day capture orbit, also on the dawn flank; and (c) a series of thirty 11-day science orbits with the spacecraft flying over Jupiter’s poles and ducking under the radiation belts. We show how Juno’s view of the magnetosphere evolves over the year of science orbits. The Juno spacecraft carries a range of instruments that take particles and fields measurements, remote sensing observations of auroral emissions at UV, visible, IR and radio wavelengths, and detect microwave emission from Jupiter’s radiation belts. We summarize how these Juno measurements address issues of auroral processes, microphysical plasma physics, ionosphere-magnetosphere and satellite-magnetosphere coupling, sources and sinks of plasma, the radiation belts, and the dynamics of the outer magnetosphere. To reach Jupiter, the Juno spacecraft passed close to the Earth on October 9, 2013, gaining the necessary energy to get to Jupiter. The Earth flyby provided an opportunity to test Juno’s instrumentation as well as take scientific data in the terrestrial magnetosphere, in conjunction with ground-based and Earth-orbiting assets.     

The Far Ultra-Violet Imager on the Icon Mission

ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager contributes to the ICON science objectives by providing remote sensing measurements of the daytime and nighttime atmosphere/ionosphere. During sunlit atmospheric conditions, ICON FUV images the limb altitude profile in the shortwave (SW) band at 135.6 nm and the longwave (LW) band at 157 nm perpendicular to the satellite motion to retrieve the atmospheric O/N₂ ratio. In conditions of atmospheric darkness, ICON FUV measures the 135.6 nm recombination emission of \(\mathrm{O}^{+}\) ions used to compute the nighttime ionospheric altitude distribution. ICON Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager is a Czerny–Turner design Spectrographic Imager with two exit slits and corresponding back imager cameras that produce two independent images in separate wavelength bands on two detectors. All observations will be processed as limb altitude profiles. In addition, the ionospheric 135.6 nm data will be processed as longitude and latitude spatial maps to obtain images of ion distributions around regions of equatorial spread F. The ICON FUV optic axis is pointed 20 degrees below local horizontal and has a steering mirror that allows the field of view to be steered up to 30 degrees forward and aft, to keep the local magnetic meridian in the field of view. The detectors are micro channel plate (MCP) intensified FUV tubes with the phosphor fiber-optically coupled to Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs). The dual stack MCP-s amplify the photoelectron signals to overcome the CCD noise and the rapidly scanned frames are co-added to digitally create 12-second integrated images. Digital on-board signal processing is used to compensate for geometric distortion and satellite motion and to achieve data compression. The instrument was originally aligned in visible light by using a special grating and visible cameras. Final alignment, functional and environmental testing and calibration were performed in a large vacuum chamber with a UV source. The test and calibration program showed that ICON FUV meets its design requirements and is ready to be launched on the ICON spacecraft.     

旋翼桨尖涡生成及演化机理的高精度数值研究

为了细致捕捉直升机旋翼桨尖涡的生成和演化过程,建立了一个基于高精度网格和高阶通量计算格式的旋翼桨尖涡计算流体力学(CFD)求解方法。在该方法中,流场求解选取旋转坐标系下的Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程;空间离散采用迎风Roe格式,并采用低耗散的5阶WENO(Weighted Essentially Non-Osciltatory)格式进行对流通量的计算;时间推进则采用双时间法,在伪时间步上使用隐式LU-SGS(Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel)推进格式;应用嵌套网格方法实现桨叶网格和背景网格的数据交换。应用所建立的方法对悬停状态的旋翼桨尖涡流场进行了高精度模拟,在桨叶网格上精细地捕捉到了桨尖涡的具体生成过程,在背景网格上捕捉到了更多圈数的桨尖涡尾迹,并对桨尖涡的演化机理进行了深入研究。结果表明:建立的高精度数值方法能够有效地对旋翼桨尖涡的生成和演化过程进行细致模拟;悬停状态下旋翼桨尖气流在上下表面压力梯度的作用下经历了边界层增厚、逐渐卷起形成涡核以及最终脱离桨叶形成桨尖涡的过程。     

Investigation of dynamics of discrete framed structures by a numerical wave-based method and an analytical homogenization approach

In this article, the analytical homogenization method of periodic discrete media (HPDM) and the numerical condensed wave finite element method (CWFEM) are employed to study the lon-gitudinal and transverse vibrations of framed structures. The valid frequency range of the HPDM is re-evaluated using the wave propagation feature identified by the CWFEM. The relative error of the wavenumber by the HPDM compared to that by the CWFEM is illustrated in functions of fre-quency and scale ratio. A parametric study on the thickness of the structure is carried out where the dispersion relation and the relative error are given for three different thicknesses. The dynamics of a finite structure such as natural frequency and forced response are also investigated using the HPDM and the CWFEM.     

一种新的重频特征识别方法

针对雷达脉冲重复间隔类型识别中存在的问题,提出了一种结合神经网络技术的重频识别方法.该方法分别对7种雷达重频模式,提出了新的特征矢量提取方法,并引用神经网络进行识别.实际仿真结果表明该方法是有效的,特别是对重频固定、重频滑变及重频抖动模式在高漏脉冲率的条件下依然具有较高的正确识别率.     

基于遗传算法的H∞混合灵敏度导弹解耦控制器设计及加权函数选择方法研究

导弹在大攻角再入飞行过程中,偏航通道和滚动通道存在着气动交连耦合,当耦合影响较大时,采用传统的把耦合项当作随机干扰的办法来处理,容易造成系统失稳。因此采用基于H∞混合灵敏度解耦控制的方法对通道间进行解耦,对于H∞混合灵敏度加权函数,通过遗传算法优化获得,并推导了H∞混合灵敏度标准型的建立过程和遗传算法优化加权函数的步骤。应用该方法,对导弹大攻角飞行过程中通道间的解耦控制进行设计。仿真表明,对参数不确定性的耦合系统,该方法具有良好的解耦性和鲁棒稳定性。     

简析航天标准中钣金冲压件通用标准新旧版本的差异

对QJ262—1994《钣金冲压件通用技术条件》和QJ262A-2005《钣金冲压件通用技术要求》两个版本标准的主要内容进行对比分析,并列出两者的不同之处。     

基于不同数控系统的固定轴加工手动编程方法

根据多年的数控加工编程经验,给出了多轴加工中常用的固定轴加工方法的重要性和广阔的应用前景,并对固定轴加工进行了准确定义,阐述了固定轴加工的原理,结合实例介绍了三种常用数控系统中涉及的固定轴加工高级编程指令的编程方法。     

A Quantitative Analysis of Sea Clutter Decorrelation with Frequency Agility

A brief statement of the sea clutter problem in surface-search radar operation illustrates the need for some form of signal-to-clutter enhancement. Post-detection integration used in the simpler radars is limited by the pulse-to-pulse correlation of the clutter. Analysis of the effect of changing frequency from pulse to pulse leads to an expression for the correlation between pulses in the sequence. Knowing this correlation, the reduction in the fluctuating clutter component produced by integration can be determined. This is described by an equivalent number of independent pulses, Nc. For the particular case of sinusoidal modulation of the transmitted frequency, N6 is computed. The critical dependecne of Nc upon the modulating frequency fm is illustrated by spectrum photographs. Choice of an optimum fm is discussed. The results of computations of N4 for optimum fm are presented as a family of normalized curves. These data permit the tradeoff of the radar parameters against their quantitative effect on radar performance.     

计算大型实对称特征问题的 Lanczos-QR 算法

为了计算大型实对称特征值问题Ｋｘ＝λＭｘ的少数低阶特征值对,本文给出Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ－ＱＲ迭代方法。首先,给定初始迭代向量ｖ１,作ｍ步Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ分解：ＫＶｍ＝ＭＶｍＴｍ＋ｈｍｅｍＴ。取Ｔｍ的ｄ个最大特征值为移位量,对Ｔｍ进行ｄ步带原点位移的ＱＲ分解。然后,修改初始迭代向量ｖ１。迭代地重新开始这一过程,迫使初始迭代向量ｖ１进入需求的特征子空间,从而使残量‖Ｋｘ－θＭｘ‖→０。数值例子表明,该方法收敛性强,且稳定、有效。