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721.
P. Bobik K. Kudela M. Boschini D. Grandi M. Gervasi P.G. Rancoita 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(2):339-342
We developed a one dimensional model of particle transport in the heliosphere. As opposite to widely used models, we apply a method where a quasi-particle is traced back in time. The model gives us the possibility to work on the possible existence of reentrant particles in the heliosphere that can be hardly solved by the traditional forward tracking method. Particles escape from the heliosphere and may reenter back. We estimate how these particles affect the modulation process in the heliosphere. Presented here are the results for different values of particles mean free path in the interstellar space and for different interstellar magnetic field values. 相似文献
722.
M. Nelson W.F. DempsterJ.P. Allen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(5):787-797
This paper will review the potential of a relatively new type of testbed platform for environmental education and research because of the unique advantages resulting from their material closure and separation from the outside environment. These facilities which we term “modular biospheres”, have emerged from research centered on space life support research but offer a wider range of application. Examples of this type of facility include the Bios-3 facility in Russia, the Japanese CEEF (Closed Ecological Experiment Facility), the NASA Kennedy Space Center Breadboard facility, the Biosphere 2 Test Module and the Laboratory Biosphere. Modular biosphere facilities offer unique research and public real-time science education opportunities. Ecosystem behavior can be studied since initial state conditions can be precisely specified and tracked over different ranges of time. With material closure (apart from very small air exchange rate which can be determined), biogeochemical cycles between soil and soil microorganisms, water, plants, and atmosphere can be studied in detail. Such studies offer a major advance from studies conducted with phytotrons which because of their small size, limit the number of organisms to a very small number, and which crucially do not have a high degree of atmospheric, water and overall material closure. Modular biospheres take advantage of the unique properties of closure, as representing a distinct system “metabolism” and therefore are essentially a “mini-world”. Though relatively large in comparison with most phytotrons and ecological microcosms, which are now standard research and educational tools, modular biospheres are small enough that they can be economically reconfigured to reflect a changing research agenda. Some design elements include lighting via electric lights and/or sunlight, hydroponic or soil substrate for plants, opaque or glazed structures, and variable volume chambers or other methods to handle atmospheric pressure differences between the facility and the outside environment. 相似文献
723.
C. Romanzin Y. BénilanA. Jolly M.-C. Gazeau 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
This paper first describes briefly some of the forefront global simulations of Titan’s atmosphere that have been carried out up to now. In these experiments, an initial gaseous mixture of N2/CH4 is submitted to a single energy source and the retrieved gas and/or solid phase(s) is/are analyzed by different techniques. 相似文献
724.
C.T. Russell T.L. Zhang R.J. Strangeway H.Y. Wei M. Delva W. Magnes 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(1):113-117
The magnetometer on Venus Express was designed to be able to obtain 128 Hz samples of the magnetic field from two sensors in a gradiometer configuration. This mode is used around periapsis to determine whether the signals reported at low altitudes near 100 Hz, had the properties of electromagnetic waves generated by electric discharges in the Venus atmosphere. The lack of a magnetic cleanliness program and the shortness of the magnetometer boom make this a challenging measurement. Fortunately the signals are sufficiently strong that they can be easily resolved with rather straightforward analysis techniques. 相似文献
725.
We review the implications of modern higher-dimensional theories of gravity for astrophysics and cosmology. In particular, we discuss the latest developments of STM theory in connection with dark matter, particle dynamics and the cosmological constant, as well as related aspects of quantum theory. There are also more immediate tests of extra dimensions, notably involving perturbations of the cosmic 3K microwave background and the precession of a supercooled gyroscope in Earth orbit. We also outline some general features of embeddings, and include pictures of the big bang as viewed from a higher dimension. 相似文献
726.
S. I. Solovyev V. A. Mullayarov D. G. Baishev E. S. Barkova S. N. Samsonov 《Cosmic Research》2004,42(6):607-613
Modulation of the VLF emission and riometric absorption by Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations is studied in the period of strong geomagnetic disturbances on October 30–31, 2003. Some conclusions about the regime of pitch-angular diffusion into the loss cone are made. The better coincidence of VLF emission modulation with geomagnetic pulsations in other longitude sectors is explained by the global character of excitation of the pulsations and by damping of their amplitudes at the meridian of observation of the VLF emission, which is associated with intensification of auroral electrojets.Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 6, 2004, pp. 632–639.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Solovyev, Mullayarov, Baishev, Barkova, Samsonov. 相似文献
727.
Spatial structure of the magnetosheath of the Earth was studied under the conditions when no sharp (more than 40° during 5
min) changes in the interplanetary magnetic field direction were observed. On the basis of 24 flights of the Interball-1 satellite through the magnetosheath, it is found that three regions differing from each other by parameters of the field
and plasma can be observed in the magnetosheath under the above-indicated conditions. These regions also differ from the solar
wind region before front of the Earth’s magnetospheric bow shock. Empirical distributions of parameters were studied in each
region. Taking into account the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field direction on the processes in the magnetosheath,
the cases of quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel shock waves were considered separately. The study showed that the distribution
of parameters in the selected regions (in the solar wind before front of the bow shock, in the magnetosheath behind the bow
shock (post-shock), in the region of the magnetosheath with minimal fluctuations in the field, and in the inner magnetosheath)
differ from each other at any interplanetary magnetic field direction. 相似文献
728.
A. N. Denisov N. V. Kuznetsov R. A. Nymmik M. I. Panasyuk N. M. Sobolevskii 《Cosmic Research》2010,48(6):509-516
In connection with projects of manned bases on the Moon it becomes topical to estimate radiation danger for their inhabitants.
In this paper we describe a method of evaluation of the radiation environment on the lunar surface produced by galactic and
solar cosmic rays. The roles of both primary and secondary radiations generated in the depth of the lunar soil under the action
of high-energy protons and nuclei are taken into account. Calculated fluxes of particles are used in order to estimate annual
averaged absorbed and equivalent local dose rates in tissues. It is established that in the lunar rock the contribution of
secondary neutrons to the dose rate exceeds that of protons. The contribution of the secondary particles generated by nuclei
of galactic cosmic rays to the dose rate is estimated. 相似文献
729.
Cosmic radiation has been measured by a variety of techniques since 1933. This paper presents the evolution of data acquisition,
processing, and availability of cosmic radiation data from the early years to the present time. Information on the worldwide
network of neutron monitor stations and the availability of these cosmic radiation records is included.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
730.
V. Génot C. Jacquey M. Bouchemit M. Gangloff A. Fedorov B. Lavraud N. André L. Broussillou C. Harvey E. Pallier E. Penou E. Budnik R. Hitier B. Cecconi F. Dériot D. Heulet J.-L. Pinçon 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
AMDA (Automated Multi-Dataset Analysis), a new data analysis service, recently opened at the French Plasma Physics Data Center (CDPP). AMDA is developed according to the Virtual Observatory paradigm: it is a web-based facility for on-line analyses of space physics. Data may come from its own local database as well as remote ones. This tool allows the user to perform classical manipulations such as data visualization, parameter computation and data extraction. AMDA also offers innovative functionalities such as event searches on the content of the data in either visual or automated ways, generation, use and management of time tables (event lists). The general functionalities of AMDA are presented in the context of Space Weather with example scientific use cases. 相似文献