MHD structures, waves and turbulence in the solar wind: Observations and theories

A comprehensive overview is presented of recent observational and theoretical results on solar wind structures and fluctuations and magnetohydrodynamic waves and turbulence, with preference given to phenomena in the inner heliosphere. Emphasis is placed on the progress made in the past decade in the understanding of the nature and origin of especially small-scale, compressible and incompressible fluctuations. Turbulence models to describe the spatial transport and spectral transfer of the fluctuations in the inner heliosphere are discussed, and results from direct numerical simulations are dealt with. Intermittency of solar wind fluctuations and their statistical distributions are briefly investigated. Studies of the heating and acceleration effects of the turbulence on the background wind are critically surveyed. Finally, open questions concerning the origin, nature and evolution of the fluctuations are listed, and possible avenues and perspectives for future research are outlined.     

复合丁羟推进剂压强指数现状评述

本文详细叙述了我国研究压强指数的历史、低压强指数的优点,列举了我国丁羟推进剂压强指数研究的状况,分析比较了国内外水平,指出了今后努力方向.     

碳／环氧复合材料薄壁细长管件的研制与试验

文章简要介绍了碳／环氧复合材料薄壁细长管件的研制情况，着重介绍了工艺方案选定、选材和材料特性试验、成型工艺及解决主要技术难点等内容。制品经地面环模和飞行试验考验，取得了满意效果。     

Emission heights of coronal bright points on Fe XII radiance map

The study of coronal bright points (BPs) is important for understanding coronal heating and the origin of the solar wind. Previous studies indicated that coronal BPs have a highly significant tendency to coincide with magnetic neutral lines in the photosphere. Here we further studied the emission heights of the BPs above the photosphere in the bipolar magnetic loops that are apparently associated with them. As BPs are seen in projection against the disk their true emission heights are unknown. The correlation of the BP locations on the Fe XII radiance map from EIT with the magnetic field features (in particular neutral lines) was investigated in detail. The coronal magnetic field was determined by an extrapolation of the photospheric field (derived from 2-D magnetograms obtained from the Kitt Peak observatory) to different altitudes above the disk. It was found that most BPs sit on or near a photospheric neutral line, but that the emission occurs at a height of about 5 Mm. Some BPs, while being seen in projection, still seem to coincide with neutral lines, although their emission takes place at heights of more than 10 Mm. Such coincidences almost disappear for emissions above 20 Mm. We also projected the upper segments of the 3-D magnetic field lines above different heights, respectively, on to the tangent x–y plane, where x is in the east–west and y in the south–north direction. The shape of each BP was compared with the respective field-line segment nearby. This comparison suggests that most coronal BPs are actually located on the top of their associated magnetic loops. Finally, we calculated for each selected BP region the correlation coefficient between the Fe XII intensity enhancement and the horizontal component of the extrapolated magnetic field vector at the same x–y position in planes of different heights, respectively. We found that for almost all the BP regions we studied the correlation coefficient, with increasing height, increases to a maximal value and then decreases again. The height corresponding to this maximum was defined as the correlation height, which for most bright points was found to range below 20 Mm.     

一座柔壁低湍流度风洞收缩段设计及主要工作特性

本文介绍了一座“柔壁低湍流度风洞”收缩段气动设计中的几个关键问題:合理选用较大的收缩比,恰当选定变湍流度网格位置和采用五次方壁型曲线。试验结果表明,这座雷诺数较大的、具有柔壁功能的低(变)湍流度风洞有优良的流场品质,尤其是湍流度可低达0.01%～0.02%,并具有大范围的变湍流度能力。     

气动补偿空速管的研究与发展

气动补偿空速管是与飞行安全性和飞机飞行的高度分层密切相关的重要器件,在改进现役飞机和设计新机空速系统中起着重要作用。本文依据多年来大量的气动计算和风洞实验所得到的结果,叙述了气动补偿空速管的原理、分类、设计思想、特点、风洞校准、气动计算、使用和发展等情况。     

极低湍流度下翼型边界层及近场尾流的雷诺应力测量试验研究

在西北工业大学低湍流度风洞中，用热线风速仪在对称翼型边界层及近场尾流中，于２０多处剖面上移测速度型、湍流强度、雷诺正应力及切应力等湍流参量。着重讨论了各雷诺应力分量的分布。结果表明，在边界屋和尾流宽度方向及流动方向上均有明显的规律性，其有关特征值明显低于常规风洞湍流度下的结果。     

集中涡法在计算旋成体大迎角气动特性中的应用

本文用集中涡法计算了尖头旋成体在大迎角时的气动特性。基于实验数据,选取了一组比较合适的自由积分参数,建立了初始分离角和雷诺数之间的经验关系式,从而在计算中较好地考虑了雷诺数的影响。马赫数的影响是通过Gthert法则进行修正予以考虑的。旋涡运动的微分方程组是用变步长的四阶龙格-库塔法来求解的。根据不同的积分位置分别选择三种不同的积分初始步长,以提高计算速度。本文对F_3A16和F3.5A7两种模型作了计算,计算结果和实验结果吻合得较好。     

筋的截面形状对薄壁结构振动疲劳性能的影响

筋条的截面形状对薄壁结构的振动疲劳性能具有重要影响。对L型和T型加筋薄板进行振动试验,研究固支条件下L型筋和T型筋对薄板频率和振动疲劳寿命的影响,并从理论角度分析其原因;利用MSC有限元软件研究在正弦分布载荷下六种不同截面形状(矩形、L型、T型、I型、Z型、∏型)的筋条在给定边界条件(固支、简支)下,对薄板的频率、应力和振动疲劳寿命的影响,并对加筋板的寿命进行预测。结果表明:六种加筋构型中,Z型加筋板的第一阶固有频率最大,加筋板Von Mises应力最大点出现在同样的位置;固支条件下,加筋板的破坏位置在板的左右两侧,Z型加筋板寿命最长;简支条件下,破坏位置出现在板的中央,L型加筋板的寿命最长。     

基于Swin Transformer和多尺度特征融合的红外弱小目标检测方法

红外弱小目标的检测识别是军事侦察和遥感探测领域的一项关键技术。针对现有的传统目标检测方法普遍存在的检测误报率高、环境适应性差等问题,本文设计提出了一种基于Swin Transformer和多尺度特征融合的红外弱小目标检测方法。该方法首先在基于编解码Unet网络架构的基础上,通过引入Swin Transformer的自注意力机制代替常规的卷积核来进行目标特征的分层提取,从而有助于在更大的感受野下挖掘目标在不同尺度下的潜在信息;之后,通过设计一个自底向上的跨层特征融合模块作为网络模型的解码器,可以从复杂背景中保留红外弱小目标特征,并将目标的浅层局部信息和深层语义信息进行充分融合。试验测试结果表明,所提方法在红外小目标公共测试数据集SIRST上能够实现0.747的交并比指标(IoU),以及0.752的归一化交并比指标(nIoU),其性能均优于其它典型方法,在不同复杂场景下均拥有更好的检测效果。