Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

High magnetic gradient environment causes alterations of cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated genes in human osteoblasts cultured in vitro

The effects of a high magnetic gradient environment (HMGE) on the cytoskeletal architecture and genes associated with the cytoskeleton in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells) were investigated using confocal microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings showed that, under diamagnetic levitation conditions, the architecture and average height of the cytoskeleton and surface roughness in osteoblasts were dramatically altered. HMGE affects cytoskeleton arrangement and cytoskeleton-associated gene expression.     

2A12铝合金中温化学镀Ni-P镀层的工艺研究

为解决2A12铝合金表面耐蚀性差和高温化学镀成本高、镀液不稳定且易分解的问题,提出了在其表面进行中温化学镀Ni-P镀层的工艺方法。本文研究了镀液p H值和温度的变化对镀层表面形貌的影响,并对镀层厚度、热处理后镀层表面硬度及耐蚀性等方面进行了研究,从而确定了中温化学镀Ni-P镀层的可行工艺方案。当镀液p H值为4.5,镀液温度为70℃时可获得较好的镀层表面形貌;镀后400℃热处理保温2h后,镀层硬度可达408HV;铝合金自腐蚀电位由施镀前-0.96V提高到-0.55V,耐蚀性得到提高。     

高校扩招对农村学生发展影响的探讨——基于教育公平的视角

在人们对高等教育的期望值逐渐增大的背景下,高等教育公平问题受到了广泛关注。文章借助数据统计方法对高校扩招以来我国农村大学生在入学、就业等方面情况进行深入探讨,从教育公平的视角来看,农村大学生在高等教育起点和结果等方面与城市大学生之间依然存在教育不公平现象。为了充分发挥教育对社会公平的促进作用,建议通过四项措施逐渐提高高等教育公平。     

关于会计专业《经济法》课程教学内容改革的思考——以桂林航天工业高等专科学校为例

会计专业经济法课程教学内容存在着不足,不能满足会计专业的需要,不能满足会计专业学生资格考试和职称晋升的需要,因而需对经济法课程的教学内容作相应的调整,增加法律基础知识、物权法等内容,加大破产法、票据法等的比重,减少市场规制法的内容,同时教材也作相应的调整.     

跨声速轴流压气机叶片周向弯曲的数值优化

采用优化软件ISIGHT作为平台,集成了三维粘性流计算软件NUMECA和轴流压气机叶片造型程序,建立了一套叶轮机械气动性能优化系统.针对跨声速轴流压气机动叶和静叶的周向弯曲进行了优化.结果在整条特性线上,该级压气机的效率和压比都得到了不同程度的提高,充分验证了该叶轮机械气动性能优化系统的可靠性.同时表明转子的尖部反弯可以有效地减小叶尖间隙的横向流动.      

基于B样条的直升机航迹处理方法

为满足航迹规划中最优航迹的要求,需要对参考航迹进行处理.提出了一种基于B样条曲线的直升机航迹后处理方法,方法以改进蚁群算法生成的参考航迹为基础,利用B样条曲线自身连续性、局部性、曲率变化均匀等特性,并根据直升机低空飞行的过载、最大飞行速度等限制条件,对参考航迹的航迹点进行修正和插值.B样条曲线也有利于对航迹进行局部重规划,可以满足出现意外情况时航迹修改和调整的要求.对B样条处理后的航迹采用广义预测方法(GPC)进行跟踪控制,并与线性插值处理得到的航迹进行比较,从航迹控制的角度验证了该后处理方法可以提高跟踪控制的性能和操纵品质.     

渐变刚度钢板弹簧刚度特性计算的曲率-载荷混合法

渐变刚度钢板弹簧在汽车中有广泛的应用.目前,汽车钢板弹簧的计算方法主要有共同曲率法和集中载荷法,但用这些方法计算副簧为变截面簧片的渐变刚度钢板弹簧时,适应性不好、精度不高.本文建立了具有该结构形式的渐变刚度钢板弹簧的普遍适用的力学模型,提出了一种计算分析渐变刚度钢板弹簧刚度特性的曲率-载荷混合法,通过对某型铃木汽车的渐变刚度钢板弹簧刚度的实例计算及与实验值比较,表明本文提出的曲率-载荷混合法简便易行且有较好的精度.     

基于仿真的正交试验在对接锁系运动同步性研究中的应用

对接锁系运动同步性是空间对接机构完成刚性连接和分离的关键技术,通过采用 正交试验的方法合理设计仿真试验,高效找出影响对接锁系运动同步性的主要因素,明确了 提高锁系运动同步性的改进方向。