Atmospheric Escape and Evolution of Terrestrial Planets and Satellites

The origin and evolution of Venus’, Earth’s, Mars’ and Titan’s atmospheres are discussed from the time when the active young Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence. We show that the high EUV flux of the young Sun, depending on the thermospheric composition, the amount of IR-coolers and the mass and size of the planet, could have been responsible that hydrostatic equilibrium was not always maintained and hydrodynamic flow and expansion of the upper atmosphere resulting in adiabatic cooling of the exobase temperature could develop. Furthermore, thermal and various nonthermal atmospheric escape processes influenced the evolution and isotope fractionation of the atmospheres and water inventories of the terrestrial planets and Saturn’s large satellite Titan efficiently.     

测试性分配方法研究

研究了系统测试性指标与系统组成单元指标之间的关系,分析了确定测试性指标的各主要影响因素,进而导出了测试性分配的基本要求、数学模型和工作程序.在此基础上,文章给出了4种用于不同情况下的测试性分配方法:前2种是基于系统单元的复杂度(故障率)或重要度(故障影响)的分配方法;第3种是综合考虑各影响因素的加权分配方法;第4种是系统中有老成品时的分配方法.这些分配方法都可以实际应用于工程设计.      

进气道进口几何参数模糊优化设计

重点研究二维两波系超音速外压式两侧/侧腹进气道的进口几何参数的气动力/隐身一体化优化设计,主要考虑进气道的压缩板角、唇口斜切角、罩唇位置角、进口宽度、进口宽高比等进口几何参数所决定的一些气动力性能,如总压恢复系数,超音速溢流附加阻力系数及电磁散射机理如压缩楔板的表面散射、楔板及唇口的边缘绕射,采用基于目标满意度和约束满足度的模糊优化模型,进行了优化计算.      

微小型仿生飞行机器人柔性翅的仿生设计与实验研究

自然界昆虫和小鸟翅膀柔性在提高气动效率和飞行稳定性方面具有很大优势,因而翅的柔性仿生研究将成为目前微小型仿生飞行机器人的重要方向.以昆虫翅膀为基础,进行了柔性翅的仿生机械设计,并重点对其柔性进行了分析和实验研究.实验结果表明,柔性翅的展弦比和前缘梁刚度对升力有较大的影响,其中变刚度前缘梁和大展弦比有益于升力的产生.     

智能移动三坐标辅助定位的自适应控制方法

飞机部件的外形测量与误差评估是提升飞机装配质量的关键。针对测量工作要求高精度、高效率和无需专用工装的情况,同时针对被测对象外形尺寸大、各部位测量规范不同等难点,提出一种基于激光跟踪仪的智能移动三坐标辅助定位自适应控制技术。该技术以激光跟踪仪作为测量工具,以直角三坐标伺服机构作为靶标的辅助定位 装置,通过对直角三坐标伺服机构及导航小车进行任务规划与优化;同时激光跟踪仪实时反馈靶标目标位置,从而以最优路径的方式实现对测量机构多站位自主移动的全闭环自适应控制,提高了靶标的定位精度及测量效率。本文在线对测量数据进行了快速处理,得出了误差分布图,并精确地反映了测量点位的误差。实验结果表明：该方法可实现大尺寸部件的高精度快速测量,满足飞机大部件的测量要求。     

Experimental characteristics of oblique shock train upstream propagation

The structure and dynamics of an oblique shock train in a duct model are investigated experimentally in a hypersonic wind tunnel. Measurements of the pressure distribution in front of and across the oblique shock train have been taken and the dynamics of upstream propagation of the oblique shock train have been analyzed from the synchronized schlieren imaging with the dynamic pressure measurements. The formation and propagation of the oblique shock train are ini-tiated by the throttling device at the downstream end of the duct model. Multiple reflected shocks, expansion fans and separated flow bubbles exist in the unthrottled flow, causing three adverse-pressure-gradient phases and three favorable-pressure-gradient phases upstream the oblique shock train. The leading edge of the oblique shock train propagates upstream, and translates to be asym-metric with the increase of backpressure. The upstream propagation rate of the oblique shock train increases rapidly when the leading edge of the oblique shock train encounters the separation bubble near the shock reflection point and the adverse-pressure-gradient phase, while the oblique shock train slow movement when the leading edge of the oblique shock train is in the favorable-pressure-gradient phase for unthrottled flow. The asymmetric flow pattern and oscillatory nature of the oblique shock train are observed throughout the whole upstream propagation process.     

Hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization and its application to hybrid rocket motors for manned lunar landing

Design reliability and robustness are getting increasingly important for the general design of aerospace systems with many inherently uncertain design parameters. This paper presents a hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization (UDO) method developed from probability theory and interval theory. Most of the uncertain design parameters which have sufficient information or experimental data are classified as random variables using probability theory, while the others are defined as interval variables with interval theory. Then a hybrid uncertainty analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series interval analysis is developed to obtain the uncer-tainty propagation from the design parameters to system responses. Three design optimization strategies, including deterministic design optimization (DDO), probabilistic UDO and hybrid UDO, are applied to the conceptual design of a hybrid rocket motor (HRM) used as the ascent propulsion system in Apollo lunar module. By comparison, the hybrid UDO is a feasible method and can be effectively applied to the general design of aerospace systems.     

飞机隔热结构热桥效应分析与实验

针对飞机隔热结构中金属筋条的热桥问题,设计了两类典型飞机隔热结构构型。为了研究分析热桥效应对隔热性能的影响,对各构型进行瞬态热传导有限元分析,得到在热面温度分别为100℃,200℃,300℃,424℃时考核点的温度,并通过隔热性能实验验证了有限元方法的有效性。结果表明:热桥对隔热结构的隔热性能有较大影响,设计隔热结构时应充分考虑热桥现象;提出了热桥阻断的方法。     

分布式数字相控阵通道一致性校准方法

基于分布式数字相控阵通道一致性校准需求,提出了一种新的有效解决方法。首先基于时域相干的时延估计算法纠正通道间时延差,而后利用基于最小二乘拟合的频域均衡算法实现通道间幅相一致性校准。利用MATLAB平台进行仿真分析,结果表明,利用此方法校正后,失配通道与参考通道在通带内的幅度差值在0.015d B内,相位差值在0.1°内,有效地实现了通道间一致性校准作用。该方法已成功应用于实际工程项目中。     

变形破碎特性对SLD结冰过程影响

基于结冰过程数值模拟,针对过冷大水滴（SLD）条件下的变形破碎特性及其对成冰过程影响进行了研究。利用动态阻力计算模型,分析了水滴变形对水滴运动轨迹影响,采用基于泰勒类比理论的计算模型,研究了水滴破碎过程、子液滴粒径分布特性等。完成了NACA 0012翼型典型SLD结冰算例的数值分析,与参考文献计算结果和实验数据进行对比。结果表明:对于SLD结冰,变形和破碎主要改变了水滴运动轨迹和表面撞击水分布,使水滴撞击极限变小,在加入变形破碎特性的计算模型后,可以较好预测结冰极限位置和冰形轮廓,说明该方法对SLD变形破碎效应及其影响的模拟是可行和正确的。