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161.
Molecular alterations in tumorigenic human bronchial and breast epithelial cells induced by high LET radiation. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
T K Hei Y L Zhao D Roy C Q Piao G Calaf E J Hall 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2001,27(2):411-419
Carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process with sequence of genetic events governing the phenotypic expression of a series of transformation steps leading to the development of metastatic cancer. In the present study, immortalized human bronchial (BEP2D) and breast (MCF-10F) cells were irradiated with graded doses of either 150 keV/micrometer alpha particles or 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions. Transformed cells developed through a series of successive steps before becoming tumorigenic in nude mice. Cell fusion studies indicated that radiation-induced tumorigenic phenotype in BEP2D cells could be completely suppressed by fusion with non-tumorigenic BEP2D cells. The differential expressions of known genes between tumorigenic bronchial and breast cells induced by alpha particles and their respective control cultures were compared using cDNA expression array. Among the 11 genes identified to be differentially expressed in BEP2D cells, three (DCC, DNA-PK and p21(CIP1)) were shown to be consistently down-regulated by 2 to 4 fold in all the 5 tumor cell lines examined. In contrast, their expressions in the fusion cell lines were comparable to control BEP2D cells. Similarly, expression levels of a series of genes were found to be altered in a step-wise manner among tumorigenic MCF-10F cells. The results are highly suggestive that functional alterations of these genes may be causally related to the carcinogenic process. 相似文献
162.
Aeolian (wind) processes can transport particles over large distances on Mars, leading to the modification or removal of surface features, formation of new landforms, and mantling or burial of surfaces. Erosion of mantling deposits by wind deflation can exhume older surfaces. These processes and their effects on the surface must be taken into account in using impact crater statistics to derive chronologies on Mars. In addition, mapping the locations, relative ages, and orientations of aeolian features can provide insight into Martian weather, climate, and climate history. 相似文献
163.
164.
Recursive state equation estimation algorithms are derived to determine optimal estimation error covariance and state estimate for a linear dynamic system, driven by time-varying and positionverying (or angle-varying) functions whose a priori covariance are described. Retracing the same trajectory with the system measuring device causes the position varying function to repeat and can significantly reduce estimation errors. Applications for these algorithms include improving accuracy of a position dependent quantity to be mapped, or recursively processing radar or sonar data from repeating scans over the same area. Three types of return path patterns are considered: 1) multiple independent returns, 2) reverse returns, and 3) cyclical returns. 相似文献
165.
介绍了光敏元件与光传感器技术的发展及在国民经济和军事领域中的重要怍用;分析了国内外光电子产业的市场动态与发展趋势;论述了我国光电子产业面临的机遇和挑战。 相似文献
166.
P W Barlow 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,17(6-7):69-72
The origin and subsequent evolution of life on Earth has taken place within an environment of which a 1g gravitational force is a part. Thus, all living organisms accommodate this variable in their structure and function. Evolution has also selected mechanisms to sense gravity which, in consequence, give particular orientations to living process. It is anticipated that the higher the evolutionary status of an organism, the greater the chance that it will possess multiple mechanisms of gravisensing because evolution discards nothing that assists fitness, but only adds to existing processes. A multiplicity of mechanisms permits gravity to participate in a wide range of developmental programmes, such as taxes, morphisms and tropisms, through the action of different sensors and distinct transduction/response pathways. 相似文献
167.
叙述和分析了外差激光干涉光电信号处理主其特点,指出了它们各自的应用范围,同时介绍了一处新型的光电信号处理方法,它不仅使外差干涉仪用于动态测量,而且可以同时实现高分辩率测量 。 相似文献
168.
A flat panel multifunction display (MFD) that offers the size and reliability benefits of liquid crystal display technology while achieving near-CRT display quality is presented. Display generation algorithms that provide exceptional display quality are being implemented in custom VLSI components to minimize MFD size. A high-performance processor converts user-specified display lists to graphics commands used by these components, resulting in high-speed updates of two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. The MFD uses the MIL-STD-1553B data bus for compatibility with virtually all avionics systems. The MFD can generate displays directly from display lists received from the MIL-STD-1553B bus. Complex formats can be stored in the MFD and displayed using parameters from the data bus. The MFD also accepts direct video input and performs special processing on this input to enhance image quality 相似文献
169.
Aiming at a 1-cm Orbit for Low Earth Orbiters: Reduced-Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The computation of high-accuracy orbits is a prerequisite for the success of Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) missions such as CHAMP,
GRACE and GOCE. The mission objectives of these satellites cannot be reached without computing orbits with an accuracy at
the few cm level. Such a level of accuracy might be achieved with the techniques of reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise
orbit determination (POD) assuming continuous Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) by the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Both techniques have reached a high level of maturity and have been successfully applied to missions in the past, for example
to TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), leading to (sub-)decimeter orbit accuracy. New LEO gravity missions are (to be) equipped with advanced
GPS receivers promising to provide very high quality SST observations thereby opening the possibility for computing cm-level
accuracy orbits. The computation of orbits at this accuracy level does not only require high-quality GPS receivers, but also
advanced and demanding observation preprocessing and correction algorithms. Moreover, sophisticated parameter estimation schemes
need to be adapted and extended to allow the computation of such orbits. Finally, reliable methods need to be employed for
assessing the orbit quality and providing feedback to the different processing steps in the orbit computation process.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
170.
Lithium ion battery technology is being introduced into power supplies used by our armed forces for a variety of applications. In many cases, the same cells and design parameters that support commercial battery packs are being used in military battery packs. This approach is expected to result in a major decrease in the total life cycle cost of the equipment these batteries support. On June 13, 1991, NAVSEA issued INST9310.1B1, which states that all lithium battery powered equipment must undergo safety evaluation and approval prior to fleet use. This safety program governs a process whereby approvals are issued for lithium batteries to be used in specific equipment on ground facilities, surface combatants, air combatants, and/or submarines. The Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity (NOSSA) manages the program. The chief technical advisors are Code 644 at NSWC Carderock Division and Code 609A at NSWC Crane Division. This paper describes three battery designs that incorporate lithium ion technology, and the results of battery safety tests conducted in accordance with navy requirements. 相似文献