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801.
During 1980 and 1981, the 305-m radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico was used to conduct a high resolution search for narrowband signals from the direction of 210 nearby solar type stars and 5 OH masers. For each star at least 4 MHz of bandwidth surrounding the 21-cm HI line and/or the 18-cm OH lines was studied with a spectral resolution of 5.5 Hz in both right and left circular polarization. The formal limit of sensitivity achieved during the course of this search varied depending upon the particular receivers available. In all cases the search could have detected a narrowband transmitter of power comparable to the Arecibo planetary radar, had any such been transmitting on the frequencies searched during the time of observation out to the distance of the farthest target star. As in previous searches, the number of "false alarms" encountered was far greater than predicted on the basis of Gaussian noise statistics. A small number of stars have exhibited signals which cannot immediately be explained in terms of astrophysical or man-made sources and deserve reobservation. This is typical of the results of previous non-real-time searches and does not yet constitute the detection of an ETI. 相似文献
802.
Albert T. Price 《Space Science Reviews》1969,9(2):151-197
The atmospheric dynamo theory of the daily magnetic variations (S) has received substantial support from recent observational and theoretical work. In particular, several features of the variations, such as their remarkable enhancement close to the dip equator and other effects indicating a strong control by the main geomagnetic field, are well explained by the dynamo theory. Also the detection of ionospheric currents by instrumental rockets has confirmed an essential part of the theory.Considerable impetus was given to their study by the acquirement of much new data on magnetic variations during the IGY-IQSY period. Additional observations in the Pacific area were obtained during the IQSY by the establishment of four island stations equipped with newly developed magnetometers. A major advance at other stations was the development of automatic standard observatories using nuclear magnetometers.Several methods for the world-wide analysis of the S-field have been developed. A possibility now being studied is the completely automatic evaluation and construction by computers of ionospheric current charts for any day and any epoch UT.Some theoretical and statistical papers are briefly reviewed. These include discussions of the day-to-day variability of S, seasonal changes of the S-field, the nature of the equatorial electrojet, the possibility of solar wind effects contributing to the daily variations, and the modification of the dynamo theory to take account of the possible flow of electric current from the ionosphere along magnetic lines of force in the magnetosphere.Finally, an attempt to extend the dynamo theory of S by treating the ionosphere as a three-dimensional medium, instead of regarding it as a thin shell, has revealed that, although the relations between the horizontal components of electric field and current density in the dynamo layer are given with reasonable accuracy by the well-known layer equations, the assumption, implicit in the thin shell treatment, that the horizontal currents are non-divergent is not in fact true. Hence a revision of some earlier theoretical work on S appears necessary. 相似文献
803.
Morinaga N. Kawamura K. Namekawa T. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1973,(3):412-420
Signal interference in the half-wave linear detector has been studied only for amplitude modulation. In this paper, we treat signal interference for both an amplitude-and an angle-modulation communication system. The input to the half-wave linear detector is assumed to be composed of an amplitude-modulated wave, an angle-modulated wave, and narrow-band Gaussian noise. In particular, when strongweak relations exist in the input processes, a detailed analysis for the output component is presented to clarify some useful output properties. 相似文献
804.
The problem of remote sensing of precipitation by a satellite-borne microwave rain scatterometer is discussed. A downward-looking scanning pencil-beam antenna system is used. The combination of the range-gate method and low side lobe level is used to separate echoes from precipitation layers in the main lobe from ground clutter in the side lobes. Various parameters of the satellite-borne microwave rain scatterometer are calculated and characteristics of systems at 10 and 34.45 GHz are considered. The transmitter peak power needed to observe precipitation with sufficient signal-to noise ratio is calculated by means of the radar equation. The signal (i.e. the received power from the resolution volume of the precipitation) and the received power due to the ground clutter are calculated and the signal-to-clutter ratio is obtained by applying the radar equation. An airborne microwave rain scatterometer is proposed for preliminary experiments. 相似文献
805.
This article discusses some of the problems facing man in space. Many of these problems are manifested only on return to Earth when the de-conditioned body again has to withstand the effects of gravity. 相似文献
806.
807.
Roberts TD 《Acta Astronautica》1975,2(1-2):59-67
On the ground the vertical directions "up" and "down" have significance in relation to the strategy for avoiding collision of the skull with the planet. Voluntary acts to this end may be based on the experienced result of reflexly generated motor commands. Relevant receptors lie in the otolith organs of the labyrinth, but the head is seldom steady in waking life. A revised scheme of labyrinth reflexes on the limbs--"downhill limbs extend"--replaces the classical scheme of Magnus. Interactions with neck reflexes according to this scheme serve to stabilize the trunk. In an orbiting spacecraft the pattern of afferent signals from the labyrinth differs from that on the ground, and predictions based on the new scheme are to be tested in the project "Operation Push-Pull" proposed for ESRO's Spacelab. Other activities of the Council of Europe's Working Party on Aerospace Physiology and Medicine are briefly described. 相似文献
808.
Jain Y.K. Alex T.K. Kalakrishnan B. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1980,(2):233-238
The accuracy of presently available IR horizon sensors is not sufficient to meet the stringent attitude sensing and control requirements for future remote sensing and meteorological satellites. The different sources of error in a horizon sensor are analyzed. The accuracy of the sensor is presently limited by the detector noise. Use of HgCdTe in place of an immersed bolometer detector, which is used in conventional horizon sensors eliminates many of the errors. Hence, it is possible to design an ultimate IR horizon sensor whose accuracy is limited only by the uncertainty of the Earth horizon. Comparison of performances of the two types of detectors for horizon sensing is given and possible configurations of sensor using this detector are discussed. 相似文献
809.
810.
The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite-based radio navigation system to provide extremely accurate three-dimensional position fixes and system time to users anywhere on the Earth at any time regardless of weather conditions. The most significant performance parameter of the GPS is the degree of navigation accuracy which is strongly coupled to the choice of orbit configuration. The 3 X 8 orbit configuration has been considered as an operational GPS which consists of 24 satellites deployed in circular 63° inclined, subsynchronous 12-h orbits. In this paper, the geometric performance of several orbit configuration, including a 3 X 8 orbit configuration, is analyzed numerically by altering orbit period and elevation mask, respectively. It will be shown that 1) there are a few orbit configurations which are comparable to or better than the baseline 3 X 8 orbit configuration, and 2) for higher elevation mask, the geometric performance can be improved effectively by increasing orbit period to some extent. 相似文献