Concepts for the curation,primary examination,and allocation of comet nucleus samples by a comet sample receiving laboratory

The Comet Nucleus Sample Return Mission ROSETTA, a cornerstone mission of ESA jointly planned with NASA, requires the implementation of a highly sophisticated curatorial facility for the returned samples. A concept for the instrumentation and the mode of operation of a Comet Sample Receiving Laboratory (CSRL) is proposed. The main elements of the facility are: (1) cryogenic evacuated cabinets with robotic manipulators, (2) devices for sample dissection, aliquotisation, phase separation, and thin section preparation, and (3) instrumentation for non-destructive chemical and physical analyses and facilities for destructive mineralogical, textural, and (micro)chemical analyses. It is recommended that a very detailed Primary Sample Examination and Analysis be performed on a small representative fraction of the samples at the P-T-conditions of the parent comet nucleus before sample aliquots are released to Principal Investigators. The CSRL should be staffed with top rank personnel and supervised by an international peer review panel which may also be responsible for the selection of investigators and the allocation of samples.     

Correction to: Mission to Planet Earth: The First Two Billion Years

Space Science Reviews - The Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission makes measurements in near-Earth space that provide knowledge of the state of the ionosphere. From the vantage of...     

Depth dose measurements with the Liulin-5 experiment inside the spherical phantom of the MATROSHKA-R project onboard the International Space Station

The Liulin-5 experiment is a part of the international project MATROSHKA-R on the Russian segment of the ISS, which uses a tissue-equivalent spherical phantom equipped with a set of radiation detectors. The objective of the MATROSHKA-R project is to provide depth dose distribution of the radiation field inside the sphere in order to get more information on the distribution of dose in a human body. Liulin-5 is a charged particle telescope using three silicon detectors. It measures time resolved energy deposition spectra, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra, particle flux, and absorbed doses of electrons, protons and heavy ions, simultaneously at three depths along the radius of the phantom. Measurements during the minimum of the solar activity in cycle 23 show that the average absorbed daily doses at 40 mm depth in the phantom are between 180 μGy/day and 220 μGy/day. The absorbed doses at 165 mm depth in the phantom decrease by a factor of 1.6–1.8 compared to the doses at 40 mm depth due to the self-shielding of the phantom from trapped protons. The average dose equivalent at 40 mm depth is 590 ± 32 μSV/day and the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contribute at least 70% of the total dose equivalent at that depth. Shown is that due to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) trapped protons asymmetry and the direction of Liulin-5 lowest shielding zone the dose rates on ascending and descending nodes in SAA are different. The data obtained are compared to data from other radiation detectors on ISS.     

基于形状记忆合金的空间分离装置研究进展

航天器需要分离装置实现空间分离功能,传统的火工品分离装置存在高冲击、高污染以及不可重复使用等缺点,形状记忆合金（shape memory alloy, SMA）可以有效解决传统火工品分离装置的不足。文章对国际上基于形状记忆合金的空间分离装置（shape memory alloy release device, SMARD）的研究现状进行了概述,对不同类型的 SMA 分离装置的研究进展加以介绍,进一步分析了用于微小卫星的分离装置研究进展;分别从承载能力、质量、体积、冲击性能、分离时间、重置性、兼容性七个方面对这些装置进行了分析对比,提出了进一步开发新型SMARD的建议,为SMARD的选择、设计和深入研究提供有益的参考。     

基于隶属云发生器的智能控制

阐述一种利用隶属云发生器实现智能控制的方法。其控制策略是通过语言值构成规则,从而形成一种直观推理方法。它不要求给出被控对象精确的数学模型,仅仅依据人的经验、感觉和逻辑判断,将人用语言值定性表达的控制经验,通过语言原子和云模型转换到语言控制规则器中,就能解决非线性问题和不确定性问题。基于此理论控制倒立摆获得比较好的效果,结果表明,该方法对被控对象的状态和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性。     

三轴飞行模拟转台实时控制软件的开发

三轴飞行模拟转台可以模拟飞行器在空中的各种飞行动作和姿态,是飞行控制系统地面含实物仿真的关键设备之一。本文讨论ＦＴ型电动三轴飞行模拟转台微机实时控制软件的功能和实现方法。该软件为模块化结构,采用中文菜单显示,Ｃ语言与汇编语言混合编程,实时图形变尺度显示,余度变量,动态刷新,超时中断等技术。实践表明,该软件性能好,工作稳定。     

高超声速飞行器尾喷管的优化设计

以喷管上壁折转角、下壁长度、舵面长度及其折转角为设计变量,结合遗传算法和特征线法对高超声速飞行器尾喷管进行了优化设计,并对设计变量进行了参数研究.结果表明,所采用的优化设计方法计算效率高且比较准确,特别适合于高超声速飞行器尾喷管的优化设计;所采用的4个设计参数均能有效地影响尾喷管的气动性能,其中喷管上壁折转角和舵面折转角分别对喷管的升力和推力的影响相对明显,对其进行均衡选择方能得到最优的结果.      

Distinct EUV minimum of the solar irradiance (16–40 nm) observed by SolACES spectrometers onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in August/September 2009

In the field of terrestrial climatology the continuous monitoring of the solar irradiance with highest possible accuracy is an important goal. SolACES as a part of the ESA mission SOLAR on the ISS is measuring the short-wavelength solar EUV irradiance from 16–150 nm. This data will be made available to the scientific community to investigate the impact of the solar irradiance variability on the Earth’s climate as well as the thermospheric/ionospheric interactions that are pursued in the TIGER program. Since the successful launch with the shuttle mission STS-122 on February 7th, 2008, SolACES initially recorded the low EUV irradiance during the extended solar activity minimum. Thereafter it has been observing the EUV irradiance during the increasing solar activity with enhanced intensity and changing spectral composition. SolACES consists of three grazing incidence planar grating spectrometers. In addition there are two three-signal ionisation chambers, each with exchangeable band-pass filters to determine the absolute EUV fluxes repeatedly during the mission. One important problem of space-borne instrumentation recording the solar EUV irradiance is the degradation of the spectrometer sensitivity. The two double ionisation chambers of SolACES, which could be re-filled with three different gases for each recording, allow the recalibration of the efficiencies of the three SolACES spectrometers from time to time.     

一种二维来波方向估计的快速ESPRIT算法

提出了一种快速ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法,使用该算法和两平行均匀线阵可实现二维来波方向的快速估计,快速ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法复协方差矩阵中不受噪声影响的子块来估计来波方向,避免估计整个协方差矩阵和噪声功率,减少了特征分解的次数,大幅度地降低了运算量,而参数的估计性能接近ＰＲＯ－ＥＳＰＲＩＴ算法,最后给出了计算机仿真结果,表明了该算法的有效性。