Microbial life in a liquid asphalt desert

Pitch Lake in Trinidad and Tobago is a natural asphalt reservoir nourished by pitch seepage, a form of petroleum that consists of mostly asphaltines, from the surrounding oil-rich region. During upward seepage, pitch mixes with mud and gases under high pressure, and the lighter portion evaporates or is volatilized, which produces a liquid asphalt residue characterized by low water activity, recalcitrant carbon substrates, and noxious chemical compounds. An active microbial community of archaea and bacteria, many of them novel strains (particularly from the new Tar ARC groups), totaling a biomass of up to 10(7) cells per gram, was found to inhabit the liquid hydrocarbon matrix of Pitch Lake. Geochemical and molecular taxonomic approaches revealed diverse, novel, and deeply branching microbial lineages with the potential to mediate anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation processes in different parts of the asphalt column. In addition, we found markers for archaeal methane metabolism and specific gene sequences affiliated with facultative and obligate anaerobic sulfur- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The microbial diversity at Pitch Lake was found to be unique when compared to microbial communities analyzed at other hydrocarbon-rich environments, which included Rancho Le Brea, a natural asphalt environment in California, USA, and an oil well and a mud volcano in Trinidad and Tobago, among other sites. These results open a window into the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of recalcitrant hydrocarbon matrices and establish the site as a terrestrial analogue for modeling the biotic potential of hydrocarbon lakes such as those found on Saturn's largest moon Titan.     

基于随机时延的弹射式干扰研究

针对传统噪声压制技术对合成孔径雷达形成有效干扰需要功率比较大的特点,研究了一种随机时延的弹射式干扰方法。该方法是在传统的弹射式干扰基础上,采用随机的干扰机转发时延。由于采用随机时延,方位向不同的回波时延不同而不能被压缩,干扰信号的距离向的压缩虽能成像,但已经是随机分布的。改进后的弹射式干扰能够覆盖整个成像区域,形成类噪...     

基于ADS的多通道下变频器仿真设计

重点讨论L波段多通道下变频器的设计与仿真。采用自上向下的方法,以Agilent ADS软件为平台建立仿真模型,选用S参数和谐波平衡仿真工具对多通道下变频器信道进行设计仿真,经过优化得到低噪声、高动态的仿真指标,实现多通道变频方案的可行性论证。     

一种自适应各向异性的SAR图像去噪算法

为了在抑制噪声时尽可能保留图像边缘信息,提出一种自适应各向异性SAR图像去噪算法。该方法设计一组具有不同尺度和方向的滤波器模板,针对不同图像边缘的局部特征计算出滤波器的尺度和方向,选择最优匹配的各向异性滤波器,从而可以在抑制噪声的同时很好地保留边缘。仿真实验表明,提出的自适应各向异性SAR图像去噪算法具有很强的噪声抑制和边缘保持能力,并且具有较高的实效性。     

亚甲二醇二硝酸酯的构象和热解机理的理论研究

用量子化学中的ＳＣＦ－ＭＯ ＭＩＮＤＯ／３，ＭＮＤＯ，ＡＭ１和ＰＭ３方法计算研究了亚甲二醇二硝酸酯的几何构型和电子结构２，求得了ＭＧＤＮ的平衡几何构型。不同方法的计算结果均表明，标题物分子中两个ＯＮＯ２均为平面基团，且Ｏ－ＮＯ２键的Ｗｉｂｅｒｇ键级最淖分子中最弱的键，在分解时可能首先断裂；     

机构动态演示的制作

使用Flash软件制作机构动态演示计算机辅助教学课件 ,并能够通过按钮指令控制机构运动。说明了如何将其插入到软件FrontPage中在网上发布 ,利用此方法 ,可以制作多种网上发布的课件。     

从31．5秒所想到的——论现阶段民航空管设备运行风险及防范

民航空管部门是直接保障飞行的，而空管设备则是空管部门有效开展工作、保障飞行安全重要的物质基础，这就需要确保设备的完好率与正常运行。然而，任何设备在单机运行条件下是不会达到100％的设备正常率的，况且这几年空管系统引进的很多设备存在型号杂、不兼容的问题，缺乏可靠性；部分地区的设备老化现象严重，故障率较高。在这种情况下，本文作者提出“从31．5秒所想到的——论现阶段民航空管设备运行风险及防范”的命题，并从五个方面提出了解决的办法，是很有针对性的，应当引起空管全系统、特别是空管设备保障部门的深思与重视。     

水平轴风轮空气动力性能的分析计算

本文用半刚性尾流模型近似表示给出水平轴风轮空气动力性能的分析计算方法。在高尖速比范围内，本方法给出的结果比动量理论给出的更加接加接近实验数据。     

航天测量船试验文书标准化模式研究

在分析航天测量船试验文书现状的基础上,从标准化要求出发,提出航天测量船试验文书两级两类四综合标准化模式及其基本框架和实现途径。     

Performance of a simple Closed Aquatic Ecosystem (CAES) in space.

A simple Closed Aquatic Ecosystem (CAES) consisting of single-celled green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa, producer), a spiral snail (Bulinus australianus, consumer) and a data acquisition and control unit was flown on the Chinese Spacecraft SHENZHOU-II in January 2001 for 7 days. In order to study the effect of microgravity on the operation of CAES, a 1 g centrifuge reference group in space, a ground 1 g reference group and a ground 1 g centrifuge reference group (1.4 g group) were run concurrently. Real-time data about algae biomass (calculated from transmission light intensity), temperature, light and centrifugation of the CAES were logged at minute intervals. It was found that algae biomass of both the microgravity group and the ground 1 g-centrifuge reference group (1.4 g) fluctuated during the experiment, but the algae biomass of the 1 g centrifuge reference group in space and the ground 1 g reference group increased during the experiment. The results may be attributable to influences of microgravity and 1.4 g gravity on the algae and snails metabolisms. Microgravity is the main factor to affect the operation of CAES in space and the contribution of microgravity to the effect was also estimated. These data may be valuable for the establishment of a complex CELSS in the future.