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981.
M. Kokorowski E.A. Bering III M. Ruohoniemi J.G. Sample R.H. Holzworth S.D. Bale J.B. Blake A.B. Collier A.R.W. Hughes E.H. Lay R.P. Lin M.P. McCarthy R.M. Millan H. Moraal T.P. O’Brien G.K. Parks M. Pulupa B.D. Reddell D.M. Smith P.H. Stoker L. Woodger 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
On January 20, 2005 there was an X 7.1 solar flare at 0636 UT with an accompanied halo coronal mass ejection (CME). The resultant interplanetary shock impacted earth ∼36 h later. Near earth, the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft observed two impulses with a staircase structure in density and pressure. The estimated earth-arrival times of these impulses were 1713 UT and 1845 UT on January 21, 2005. Three MINIature Spectrometer (MINIS) balloons were aloft on January 21st; one in the northern polar stratosphere and two in the southern polar stratosphere. MeV relativistic electron precipitation (REP) observed by all three balloons is coincident (<3 min) with the impulse arrivals and magnetospheric compression observed by both GOES 10 and 12. Balloon electric field data from the southern hemisphere show no signs of the impulse electric field directly reaching the ionosphere. Enhancement of the balloon-observed convection electric field by as much as 40 mV/m in less than 20 min during this time period is consistent with typical substorm growth. Precipitation-induced ionospheric conductivity enhancements are suggested to be (a) the result of both shock arrival and substorm activity and (b) the cause of rapid (<6 min) decreases in the observed electric field (by as much as 40 mV/m). There is poor agreement between peak cross polar cap potential in the northern hemisphere calculated from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) echoes and horizontal electric field at the MINIS balloon locations in the southern hemisphere. Possible reasons for this poor agreement include (a) a true lack of north–south conjugacy between measurement sites, (b) an invalid comparison between global (SuperDARN radar) and local (MINIS balloon) measurements and/or (c) radar absorption resulting from precipitation-induced D-region ionosphere density enhancements. 相似文献
982.
G.M. Keating S. Bougher 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1987,7(12):57-71
Numerous measurements of the neutral upper atmosphere above 100 km have been made from spacecraft over Venus and over Mars. The Venus exospheric temperatures are unexpectedly low (less than 300°K near noon and less than 130°K near midnight). These very low temperatures may be partially caused by collisional excitation of CO2 vibrational states by atomic oxygen and partially by eddy cooling. The Venus atmosphere is unexpectedly insensitive to solar EUV variability. On the other hand, the Martian dayside exospheric temperature varies from 150°K to 400°K over the 11-year solar cycle, where CO2 15-μm cooling may be less effective because of lower atomic oxygen mixing ratios. On Venus, temperature increases with altitude on the dayside (thermosphere), but decreases with altitude from 100 to 150 km on the nightside (cryosphere). However, dayside Martian temperatures near solar minimum for maximum planet-sun distance and low solar activity are essentially isothermal from 40 km to 200 km. During high solar activity, the thermospheric temperatures of Mars sharply increase. The Venus neutral upper atmosphere contains CO2, O, CO, C, N2, N, He, H, D and hot nonthermal H, O, C, and N, while the dayside Mars neutral upper atmosphere contains CO2, O, O2, CO, C, N2, He, H, and Ar. There is evidence on Venus for inhibited day-to-night transport as well as superrotation of the upper atmosphere. Both atmospheres have substantial wave activity. Various theoretical models used to interpret the planetary atmospheric data are discussed. 相似文献
983.
I. S. Barmanov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2014,57(2):148-153
The results of investigating the members of elastodamping rotor supports are presented. The generalized scheme of an elastodamping support is refined and the promising lines in investigating the dynamic characteristics of rotor supports are defined. 相似文献
984.
Gallacher B.J. Burdess J.S. Harris A.J. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2001,37(4):1333-1343
The principal features of a three-axis ring gyroscope are described. The equations of motion, the response to constant rates of turn, and the relationships between the modes of vibration are derived. Tuned and untuned cases are considered 相似文献
985.
S. A. Mikhailov A. Yu. Onushkin Yu. P. Onushkin A. A. Safonov S. I. Kochish 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2009,52(3):296-301
The algorithms for calculating available overloads and maneuvers are presented. Nesterov’s loop maneuver is analyzed. 相似文献
986.
Shells with a through-thickness macrocrack are considered. The algorithms for determining the specific radius r c in the crack-tip vicinity, the limiting load p c (the attainment of which makes the crack unstable), and the direction of macrocrack growth θ c are presented. We study the carrying capacity of a lengthy circular cylindrical shell under the internal pressure and with an arbitrarily oriented macrocrack. 相似文献
987.
988.
989.
Abhishek S. Dhoble Pratap C. Pullammanappallil 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Waste treatment and management for manned long term exploratory missions to moon will be a challenge due to longer mission duration. The present study investigated appropriate digester technologies that could be used on the base. The effect of stirring, operation temperature, organic loading rate and reactor design on the methane production rate and methane yield was studied. For the same duration of digestion, the unmixed digester produced 20–50% more methane than mixed system. Two-stage design which separated the soluble components from the solids and treated them separately had more rapid kinetics than one stage system, producing the target methane potential in one-half the retention time than the one stage system. The two stage system degraded 6% more solids than the single stage system. The two stage design formed the basis of a prototype digester sized for a four-person crew during one year exploratory lunar mission. 相似文献
990.
P. Weiss K.L. Yung N. Kömle S.M. Ko E. Kaufmann G. Kargl 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The planned Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) will provide a unique opportunity to place scientific instruments onto the surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa in the late 2020s. After the Galileo mission, this will be a long awaited chance to have a close glimpse into some of the mysteries of this moon. Care must be taken in the choice of in-situ science that will be undertaken on the surface. 相似文献