JY21航管一次监视雷达信号处理设计

一、系统概述JY21航管一次机场监视雷达是中国电子科技集团公司第三十八所按中国民航空中交通管制需求研制的新一代机场监视雷达,该雷达集飞机监视和气象探测于一体,具有独立的目标通道和气象通道,可以自动提取飞机点迹数据和6个等级气象反射率数据,信号处理作为航管雷达的关键     

雷达有源诱偏与反辐射导弹对抗仿真技术

简要分析反辐射对抗技术的发展应用情况,分析并提出了雷达有源诱偏与反辐射导弹对抗性能评估试验方法,最后介绍了一种抗反辐射导弹有源诱偏路馈半实物仿真系统研制与试验情况。     

一种改进的区域覆盖星座优化设计方法

为缩短区域覆盖星座优化设计的计算时间，对网格点仿真法进行了改进。在统计时间内，以解析法计算卫星覆盖时刻集，并采用遗传算法优化星座参数。仿真计算结果表明，本文改进方法的计算时间仅为优化前的百分之一。     

Electrostatic Noise Spectrum at the Electron Cyclotron Frequency and Electromagnetic Emission in the Inhomogeneous Plasma of the Topside Ionosphere

Measurements of the wave emission of the topside ionosphere made onboard the APEX satellite using the electric component of the wave field in the 0.1–10 MHz frequency band are presented. At middle latitudes a wave intensity decrease was observed in the broad-band spectrum of the electrostatic noise at the electron cyclotron frequency. It is shown that a break in the spectrum of electrostatic modes at the electron cyclotron frequency (the absence of the plasma eigen-frequencies) may be a cause of the observed effect. The increase of the intensity at the electron cyclotron frequency in the ionospheric trough and at latitudes above the trough region as compared to middle latitudes may be explained by the capture by plasma irregularities of the electromagnetic emission of the auroral electron fluxes.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 201–208.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Izhovkina, Prutensky, Pulinets, Kiraga, Klos, Rothkael.     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

Mineral and nitrogen balance study: results of metabolic observations on Skylab II 28-day orbital mission

Prediction that the various stresses of flight, particularly weightlessness, would bring about significant derangements in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system has been based on various observations of long-term immobilized or inactive bed rest. The only attempt at controlled measurement of metabolic changes in space prior to Skylab, a study during the 14-day Gemini VII flight, revealed rather modest losses of important elements. The three astronauts of Skylab II consumed a planned day-by-day, quite constant, dietary intake of major metabolic elements in mixed foods and beverages and provided virtually complete collections of excreta for 31 days preflight, during the 28 days inflight, and for 17 days postflight. Analyses showed that, in varying degree among the crewmen, urinary calcium increased gradually during flight in a pattern similar to that observed in bed-rest studies: the mean plateau peak of urinary calcium excretion in the latter part of flight was double preflight levels. Fecal calcium excretion did not change significantly, but calcium balance, owing to the urinary calcium rise, became either negative or less positive than in preflight measurement. Increased excretion and negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus indicated appreciable loss of muscle tissue in all three crewmen. Significant losses also occurred inflight in potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Based on the similarity in pattern and degree between these observations and those in bed rest of the losses in calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, musculoskeletal integrity would not be threatened in space flights of up to at least 3 months. However, if similar changes occur, indicative of continuing losses of these elements, in the planned Skylab flights for considerably more than 28 days, concern for capable musculoskeletal function should be serious for flights of very many months' duration, and greater research attention will need to be given to development of protective counter-measures.     

Soviet proposals on the militarization of space

The USSR has submitted several proposals to the United Nations in recent years which are aimed at avoiding the militarization of outer space. This article examines three of the proposals and evaluates them in the context of existing treaties, to see whether or not they could resolve the political and legal problems which might arise. The reactions of the United Nations General Assembly and individual nations are also considered. The author concludes that several questions regarding the military aspects of space activity are left unresolved by the Soviet proposals.     

导弹随机飞行仿真的建模研究

本文研究了导弹的六自由度（６ＤＯＦ）空间运动制导系统的基本特性，建立了导弹随机飞行模块化数字仿真结构。在随机干扰作用下，应用协方差分析描述函数技术（ＣＡＤＥＴ），分析弹着点的散布，获得了较满意的结果。文中主要讲述了方波控制的导弹的有关问题，但所给方法对其它类型的导弹也是同样适用的。     

理清工作思路 寻求发展道路

今年12月29日，是民航西南空管局成立十周年纪念日。这十年，西南空管局在民航大发展机遇的激励下，经过全体干部职工艰苦不懈的努力，克服了飞行流量高速增长、空域结构不尽合理、高原机场较多、气候环境条件复杂等诸多不利因素，高起点、高标准、高要求、高效率地取得了创业起步、规范运行和快速发展三个阶段的历史性成绩与全面进步，值得庆贺。 十年来，民航西南空管局在致力于理清工作思路、寻求发展的同时，着力加强各类专业技术人员队伍的素质建设与提升，通过脱产培养、在岗培训、自学和组织课题研究、技术攻关，使全区专业技术人员的整体业务技术水平上了一个新台阶，一批数量可观的业务技术人才成为保证飞行安全的中坚，综合保障能力大幅提高，较快较好地适应和满足了地区航空市场发展的需要。截至2005年11月，全区共攻克、解决技术难题60余个，发表有较高价值的各类论文190余篇，安全保障飞行2582466架次，为我国民航空管事业的建设与进步，为西南地区航空事业的快速、持续、健康发展作出了宝贵的贡献。 十年来，民航西南空管局广大专业技术人员、管理人员在做好本职工作的同时，坚持不断学习、思考和总结，取得了积极的成果。本期专刊选取了该局专业技术人员和管理人员近两年来的业务论文和工作心得体会，以供大家探讨和交流。专刊体现了该局尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造的基本理念，同时也从另一个侧面反映了该局十年的建设成就。展望未来十年，是中国民航又一个重要的发展机遇期。我们相信，在科学发展观的引领下，在实现民航强国伟大目标的征程中，民航西南空管局将会迈出更坚实的步伐，有更大的作为。[编者按]