全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9321篇 |
免费 | 23篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
航空 | 4303篇 |
航天技术 | 3262篇 |
综合类 | 32篇 |
航天 | 1773篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 96篇 |
2019年 | 59篇 |
2018年 | 200篇 |
2017年 | 132篇 |
2016年 | 139篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 237篇 |
2013年 | 277篇 |
2012年 | 277篇 |
2011年 | 413篇 |
2010年 | 291篇 |
2009年 | 449篇 |
2008年 | 504篇 |
2007年 | 277篇 |
2006年 | 224篇 |
2005年 | 254篇 |
2004年 | 234篇 |
2003年 | 298篇 |
2002年 | 194篇 |
2001年 | 304篇 |
2000年 | 170篇 |
1999年 | 205篇 |
1998年 | 256篇 |
1997年 | 163篇 |
1996年 | 220篇 |
1995年 | 270篇 |
1994年 | 259篇 |
1993年 | 163篇 |
1992年 | 206篇 |
1991年 | 88篇 |
1990年 | 75篇 |
1989年 | 195篇 |
1988年 | 88篇 |
1987年 | 84篇 |
1986年 | 91篇 |
1985年 | 241篇 |
1984年 | 189篇 |
1983年 | 166篇 |
1982年 | 179篇 |
1981年 | 282篇 |
1980年 | 80篇 |
1979年 | 73篇 |
1978年 | 70篇 |
1977年 | 55篇 |
1975年 | 66篇 |
1974年 | 53篇 |
1973年 | 54篇 |
1972年 | 57篇 |
1971年 | 52篇 |
1970年 | 52篇 |
排序方式: 共有9370条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
461.
S. B. Mende S. E. Harris H. U. Frey V. Angelopoulos C. T. Russell E. Donovan B. Jackel M. Greffen L. M. Peticolas 《Space Science Reviews》2008,141(1-4):357-387
The NASA Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) project is intended to investigate magnetospheric substorm phenomena, which are the manifestations of a basic instability of the magnetosphere and a dominant mechanism of plasma transport and explosive energy release. The major controversy in substorm science is the uncertainty as to whether the instability is initiated near the Earth, or in the more distant >20 Re magnetic tail. THEMIS will discriminate between the two possibilities by using five in-situ satellites and ground-based all-sky imagers and magnetometers, and inferring the propagation direction by timing the observation of the substorm initiation at multiple locations in the magnetosphere. An array of stations, consisting of 20 all-sky imagers (ASIs) and 30-plus magnetometers, has been developed and deployed in the North American continent, from Alaska to Labrador, for the broad coverage of the nightside magnetosphere. Each ground-based observatory (GBO) contains a white light imager that takes auroral images at a 3-second repetition rate (“cadence”) and a magnetometer that records the 3 axis variation of the magnetic field at 2 Hz frequency. The stations return compressed images, “thumbnails,” to two central databases: one located at UC Berkeley and the other at the University of Calgary, Canada. The full images are recorded at each station on hard drives, and these devices are physically returned to the two data centers for data copying. All data are made available for public use by scientists in “browse products,” accessible by using internet browsers or in the form of downloadable CDF data files (the “browse products” are described in detail in a later section). Twenty all-sky imager stations are installed and running at the time of this publication. An example of a substorm was observed on the 23rd of December 2006, and from the THEMIS GBO data, we found that the substorm onset brightening of the equatorward arc was a gradual process (>27 seconds), with minimal morphology changes until the arc breaks up. The breakup was timed to the nearest frame (<3 s) and located to the nearest latitude degree at about ±3oE in longitude. The data also showed that a similar breakup occurred in Alaska ~10 minutes later, highlighting the need for an array to distinguish prime onset. 相似文献
462.
Leslie A. Young S. Alan Stern Harold A. Weaver Fran Bagenal Richard P. Binzel Bonnie Buratti Andrew F. Cheng Dale Cruikshank G. Randall Gladstone William M. Grundy David P. Hinson Mihaly Horanyi Donald E. Jennings Ivan R. Linscott David J. McComas William B. McKinnon Ralph McNutt Jeffery M. Moore Scott Murchie Catherine B. Olkin Carolyn C. Porco Harold Reitsema Dennis C. Reuter John R. Spencer David C. Slater Darrell Strobel Michael E. Summers G. Leonard Tyler 《Space Science Reviews》2008,140(1-4):93-127
The New Horizons spacecraft will achieve a wide range of measurement objectives at the Pluto system, including color and panchromatic maps, 1.25–2.50 micron spectral images for studying surface compositions, and measurements of Pluto’s atmosphere (temperatures, composition, hazes, and the escape rate). Additional measurement objectives include topography, surface temperatures, and the solar wind interaction. The fulfillment of these measurement objectives will broaden our understanding of the Pluto system, such as the origin of the Pluto system, the processes operating on the surface, the volatile transport cycle, and the energetics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The mission, payload, and strawman observing sequences have been designed to achieve the NASA-specified measurement objectives and maximize the science return. The planned observations at the Pluto system will extend our knowledge of other objects formed by giant impact (such as the Earth–moon), other objects formed in the outer solar system (such as comets and other icy dwarf planets), other bodies with surfaces in vapor-pressure equilibrium (such as Triton and Mars), and other bodies with N2:CH4 atmospheres (such as Titan, Triton, and the early Earth). 相似文献
463.
D. T. Young J. L. Burch R. G. Gomez A. De Los Santos G. P. Miller P. Wilson N. Paschalidis S. A. Fuselier K. Pickens E. Hertzberg C. J. Pollock J. Scherrer P. B. Wood E. T. Donald D. Aaron J. Furman D. George R. S. Gurnee R. S. Hourani A. Jacques T. Johnson T. Orr K. S. Pan S. Persyn S. Pope J. Roberts M. R. Stokes K. J. Trattner J. M. Webster 《Space Science Reviews》2016,199(1-4):407-470
464.
R. de Jesus Y. Sahai F.L. Guarnieri P.R. Fagundes A.J. de Abreu J.A. Bittencourt T. Nagatsuma C.-S. Huang H.T. Lan V.G. Pillat 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
In this investigation, we present and discuss the response of the ionospheric F-region in the South American and East Asian sectors during an intense geomagnetic storm in August 2005. The geomagnetic storm studied reached a minimum Dst of −216 nT at 12:00 UT on 24 August. In this work ionospheric sounding data obtained of 24, 25, and 26 August 2005 at Palmas (PAL; 10.2° S, 48.2° W; dip latitude 6.6° S), São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2° S, 45.9° W; dip latitude 17.6° S), Brazil, Ho Chi Minh City, (HCM; 10.5° N, 106.3° E; dip latitude 2.9° N), Vietnam, Okinawa (OKI; 26.3° N, 127.8° E; dip latitude 21.2° N), Japan, are presented. Also, the GPS observations obtained at different stations in the equatorial and low-latitude regions in the Brazilian sector are presented. On the night of 24–25 August 2005, the h′F variations show traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with Joule heating in the auroral zone from SJC to PAL. The foF2 variations show a positive storm phase on the night of 24–25 August at PAL and SJC during the recovery phase. Also, the GPS-VTEC observations at several stations in the Brazilian sector show a fairly similar positive storm phase on 24 August. During the fast decrease of Dst (between 10:00 and 11:00 UT) on 24 August, there is a prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin that result in abrupt increase (∼12:00 UT) in foF2 at PAL, SJC (Brazil) and OKI (Japan) and in VTEC at IMPZ, BOMJ, PARA and SMAR (Brazil). OKI showed strong oscillations of the F-region on the night 24 August resulted to the propagation of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) by Joule heating in the auroral region. These effects result a strong positive observed at OKI station. During the daytime on 25 August, in the recovery phase, the foF2 observations showed positive ionospheric storm at HCM station. Some differences in the latitudinal response of the F-region is also observed in the South American and East Asian sectors. 相似文献
465.
M.D. Ngobeni M.S. Potgieter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
Observations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) from the two Voyager spacecraft inside the heliosheath indicate significant differences between them, suggesting that in addition to a possible global asymmetry in the north–south dimensions (meridional plane) of the heliosphere, it is also possible that different modulation (turbulence) conditions could exist between the two hemispheres of the heliosphere. We focus on illustrating the effects on GCR Carbon of asymmetrical modulation conditions combined with a heliosheath thickness that has a significant dependence on heliolatitude. To reflect different modulation conditions between the two heliospheric hemispheres in our numerical model, the enhancement of both polar and radial perpendicular diffusion off the ecliptic plane is assumed to differ from heliographic pole to pole. The computed radial GCR intensities at polar angles of 55° (approximating the Voyager 1 direction) and 125° (approximating the Voyager 2 direction) are compared at different energies and for both particle drift cycles. This is done in the context of illustrating how different values of the enhancement of both polar and radial perpendicular diffusion between the two hemispheres contribute to causing differences in radial intensities during solar minimum and moderate maximum conditions. We find that in the A > 0 cycle these differences between 55° and 125° change both quantitatively and qualitatively for the assumed asymmetrical modulation condition as reflected by polar diffusion, while in the A < 0 cycle, minute quantitative differences are obtained. However, when both polar and radial perpendicular diffusion have significant latitude dependences, major differences in radial intensities between the two polar angles are obtained in both polarity cycles. Furthermore, significant differences in radial intensity gradients obtained in the heliosheath at lower energies may suggest that the solar wind turbulence at and beyond the solar wind termination shock must have a larger latitudinal dependence. 相似文献
466.
Malini Aggarwal H.P. Joshi K.N. Iyer Y.-S. Kwak J.J. Lee H. Chandra K.S. Cho 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in the northern hemispheric equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region is investigated by using dual-frequency signals of the Global Positioning System (GPS) acquired from Rajkot (Geog. Lat. 22.29°N, Geog. Long. 70.74°E; Geom. Lat. 14.21°N, Geom. Long. 144.90°E), India. The day-to-day variability of EIA characteristics is examined during low solar activity period (F10.7∼83 sfu). It is found that the daily maximum TEC at EIA crest exhibits a day-to-day and strong semi-annual variability. The seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC at EIA is found non-existent and weaker, respectively. We found a moderate and positive correlation of daily magnitude of crest, Ic with daily F10.7 and EUV fluxes with a correlation coefficient of 0.43 and 0.33, respectively indicating an existence of a short-term relation between TEC at EIA and the solar radiation even during low solar activity period. The correlation of daily Ic with Dst index is also moderate (r = −0.35), whereas no correlation is found with the daily Kp index (r = 0.14) respectively. We found that the magnitude of EIA crest is moderately correlated with solar flux in all seasons except winter where it is weakly related (0.27). The magnitude of EIA crest is also found highly related with EEJ strength in spring (r = 0.69) and summer (r = 0.65) than autumn (0.5) and winter (r = 0.47), though EEJ is stronger in autumn than spring. 相似文献
467.
O.A. Oladipo Torben Schüler 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
A study of the performance of the NeQuick model and the Klobuchar model for GNSS single frequency range delay correction on a global scale was done using data for moderate solar activity. In this study NeQuick was used in the way intended for Galileo. This study is to assess the performance of the two models at each ionospheric geographic region during moderate solar activity as previously published studies were concentrated only on high solar activity. The results obtained showed that NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar for the whole year at the three geographical regions of the ionosphere. In terms of monthly root mean square of mismodeling, NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar by 15 TECU or more at low-latitudes, 5 TEC or more at mid-latitudes, and 1 TECU or more at high-latitudes. 相似文献
468.
María G. Molina M.A. Cabrera R.G. Ezquer P.M. Fernandez E. Zuccheretti 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
Numerical solutions for signal processing are described in this work as a contribution to study of echo detection methods for ionospheric sounder design. The ionospheric sounder is a high frequency radar for geophysical applications. The main detection approach has been done by implementing the spread-spectrum techniques using coding methods to improve the radar’s range resolution by transmitting low power. Digital signal processing has been performed and the numerical methods were checked. An algorithm was proposed and its computational complexity was calculated. 相似文献
469.
R.D. Strauss M.S. PotgieterS.E.S. Ferreira 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The propagation of Jovian electrons in interplanetary space was modelled by solving the relevant transport equation numerically through the use of stochastic differential equations. This approach allows us to calculate, for the first time, the propagation time of Jovian electrons from the Jovian magnetosphere to Earth. Using observed quiet-time increases of electron intensities at Earth, we also derive values for this quantity. Comparing the modelled and observed propagation times we can gauge the magnitude of the transport parameters sufficiently to place a limit on the 6 MeV Jovian electron flux reaching Earth. We also investigate how the modelled propagation time, and corresponding Jovian electron flux, varies with the well-known ∼13 month periodicity in the magnetic connectivity of Earth and Jupiter. The results show that the Jovian electron intensity varies by a factor of ∼10 during this cycle of magnetic connectivity. 相似文献
470.
M. Pezzopane M. Pietrella A. Pignatelli B. Zolesi Lj.R. Cander 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
This paper describes the three-dimensional (3-D) electron density mapping of the ionosphere given as output by the assimilative IRI-SIRMUP-P (ISP) model for three different geomagnetic storms. Results of the 3-D model are shown by comparing the electron density profiles given by the model with the ones measured at two testing ionospheric stations: Roquetes (40.8°N, 0.5°E), Spain, and San Vito (40.6°N, 17.8°E), Italy. The reference ionospheric stations from which the autoscaled foF2 and M(3000)F2 data as well as the real-time vertical electron density profiles are assimilated by the ISP model are those of El Arenosillo (37.1°N, 353.3°E), Spain, Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E), and Gibilmanna (37.9°N, 14.0°E), Italy. Overall, the representation of the ionosphere made by the ISP model is better than the climatological representation made by only the IRI-URSI and the IRI-CCIR models. However, there are few cases for which the assimilation of the autoscaled data from the reference stations causes either a strong underestimation or a strong overestimation of the real conditions of the ionosphere, which is in these cases better represented by only the IRI-URSI model. This ISP misrepresentation is mainly due to the fact that the reference ionospheric stations covering the region mapped by the model turn out to be few, especially for disturbed periods when the ionosphere is very variable both in time and in space and hence a larger number of stations would be required. The inclusion of new additional reference ionospheric stations could surely smooth out this concern. 相似文献