涡轮叶片全表面换热特性试验研究

气冷叶片表面对流换热系数对气冷叶片设计至关重要。为了研究气冷叶片表面对流换热特性,设计了典型气膜冷却叶片,采用试验与数值计算相结合的方法对气冷涡轮叶片表面流动换热特性进行了对比研究,获得了叶片表面温度场及叶栅通道内部流场分布特征。结果表明:叶片表面的换热受叶栅流道结构的影响较大。在叶片前缘滞止点以及主流加速剧烈的位置换热较强,加入气膜孔可以局部增强叶片表面的对流换热,但却没有改变叶片全表面换热的变化趋势。     

陆上弹射安全准则仿真分析

基于MATLAB仿真技术,对某型飞机建立起陆上弹射起飞模型,借助该仿真模型分析不同弹射参数(弹射末速度、弹射起飞重量和预置舵偏量等)对飞机弹射起飞安全性的影响。综合考虑各种陆上弹射起飞安全影响因素,提出陆上弹射基本安全准则,构建陆上弹射安全区域。研究分析表明:选取合适的弹射参数,满足弹射条件处于弹射安全区域内,则可确保飞机陆上弹射起飞安全,同时验证了陆上弹射基本安全准则的正确性。     

火星进入器作强迫震荡运动壁面脉动压力数值模拟

为研究超声速阶段进入器作强迫震荡运动对壁面脉动压力环境的影响规律,本文耦合进入器刚体运动方程与流体力学方程,采用动网格技术,对火星进入器模型开展非定常数值模拟,获取壁面不同位置处的脉动压力信息。研究表明：在超声速阶段,进入器作强迫震荡运动诱导的脉动压力远大于进入器保持相对静止时仅由非定常流动诱导的脉动压力。来流马赫数为1.2时,进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波影响较小,脱体激波强度较弱且形态变化较小,攻角的震荡导致同一测点距离脱体激波的位置发生周期性改变,舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面的脉动压力环境主要受攻角变化的影响;来流马赫数为3时,进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波的影响较大,脱体激波震荡剧烈,诱导舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面产生极其恶劣的脉动压力环境,功率谱分析表明激波震荡诱导的脉动压力能量主要集中在30 Hz左右。     

大型载人空间基础设施商业化运营模式初探

为提高以空间站为代表的大型载人空间基础设施运行效率和运营效益,本文在研究国际空间站(ISS)在轨运营模式及商业化做法的基础上,针对我国现有空间基础设施的在轨运营特点、国家战略和社会商业化需求,提出了引入社会资本建立商业化运营模式和建立商业成果转化基金等建议,成立专门的商业化运营管理机构,进行统筹管理和商业化运营,探索形成一套职责清晰、高质高效、效益突出的商业化运营管理体系,既保证空间基础设施在轨健康运行,高效开展各类空间应用,又降低建设和运营成本。在孕育商业模式和创新项目促进经济社会发展的同时,也具有重要的现实意义和深远的社会效益。     

基于ATSUKF算法的卫星姿控系统故障估计

针对卫星姿态控制过程中可能发生的执行机构或敏感器故障,提出了一种基于无损卡尔曼滤波（UKF）及偏差分离原理的自适应二阶无损卡尔曼滤波（ATSUKF）算法。首先,提出TSUKF算法,通过UKF处理姿态机动时的非线性并通过偏差分离原理将非线性系统的状态及故障分别估计,避免非线性模型的线性化过程同时降低了计算过程中的矩阵维度。然后,在TSUKF算法的基础上提出了ATSUKF算法,通过滑动窗口内的残差计算自适应矩阵,使滤波器在统计特性不准确的情况下仍然具有较快的收敛速度,特别适用于卫星快速机动过程中的姿态与故障估计。数值仿真结果表明,ATSUKF算法相较于TSUKF算法能有效降低统计特性不准对系统造成的不利影响,实现卫星姿态、执行机构/敏感器故障的快速估计。     

A self-healing strategy with fault-cell reutilization of bio-inspired hardware

The self-healing strategy is a key component in designing the bio-inspired embryonics circuit with the structure of cell arrays. However, the existing self-healing strategies of embryonics circuits mainly focus on permanent faults inside the modules of cells such as the function module and the configuration register, while little attention is paid to transient faults. From the point of view of obtaining high efficiency of hardware utilization, it would be a huge waste of hardware resources by permanent elimination when a cell only suffers a transient fault which can be repaired by a configuration mechanism. A new self-healing strategy, the Fault-Cell Reutilization Self-healing Strategy(FCRSS) which presents a method for reusing transient fault cells, is proposed in this paper. The circuit structures of all the modules in the cells are described in detail. In the new strategy, two processes of elimination and reconfiguration are combined. Within the process of fault-cell elimination, cells with transient faults in the embryonics circuit array could be reused simultaneously to replace the functions of the cells on their left side in the same row. Therefore, transient fault-cells in a transparent state can be reconfigured to realize the fault-cell reutilization. Finally,a circuit simulation, resource consumption, a reliability analysis and a detailed normalization analysis are presented. The FCRSS can improve the hardware utilization rate and system reliability at the expense of a small amount of hardware resources and reconfiguration time. Following the conclusion, the method of determining the optimal self-healing strategy is presented according to the environmental conditions.     

氢气对正己烷-空气燃爆性能的影响

为了研究氢气对正己烷燃爆性能的影响,在定容燃烧室内实验测量了初始温度为353K,初始压力为100kPa,当量比0.7～1.7,掺氢比0%～80%时,正己烷-氢气-空气混合气的爆炸过程,得到了氢气对火焰传播规律、层流燃烧速率及爆炸压力的影响。研究结果表明,当量比从0.7增加到1.7,无拉伸火焰传播速率和层流燃烧速率呈先增大后减小的趋势,在当量比1.0附近达到最大;随着掺氢比的提高,混合气的燃烧速率明显增大,有利于提高燃料的燃烧效率,当量比为1.0时,掺氢比80%的混合气层流燃烧速率比正己烷-空气混合气提高了2.5倍;同时,掺氢比对混合气的爆炸压力与最大爆炸压力上升速率有明显的影响,对过稀或过浓燃料的影响尤为显著。     

基于分布式模型预测控制的多无人机协同规避控制技术

建立了多无人机协同规避控制模型,并提出了一种基于纳什最优的分布式模型预测控制算法。仿真结果表明,基于纳什最优的分布式模型预测控制算法有效地实现了多架无人机对障碍物的规避,并且相对于集中式模型预测控制算法减少了求解过程中的计算量,缩短了优化控制的时间,改善了系统的实时性。     

换热效应对燃气涡轮发动机过渡态性能的影响

在非定常换热模型基础上,提出了换热效应不影响旋转部件功的假设,以及气冷涡轮换热的简化处理方法,建立了考虑换热效应的发动机过渡态性能计算模型.针对某双转子涡扇发动机加减速过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明:换热效应对整机性能的影响主要表现为各部件的响应滞后,而低压转子的响应滞后最为明显;压气机的换热时间常数小于涡轮;在旋转部件中,叶片的换热时间常数最小,轮毂次之,机匣最大.      

Residual stress determination in friction stir butt welded joints using a digital image correlation-aided slitting technique

This paper presents an incremental cutting method for evaluating the longitudinal residual stresses in a butt welded thin plate via combining the traditional residual stress measurement methods and the advanced optical technique.The proposed approach,which can be called digital image correlation (DIC)-aided slitting technique,introduces a successive extension slot to a speci men and employs the DIC technique to measure the released displacement profiles of the cutting sections after each cutting increment.Then the displacement profiles are used to directly calculate the residual stress distributions up to the slot tip and hence,a stress distribution can be obtained after a cutting increment.Finally,all of the stress distributions are averaged to ultimately determine the original residual stress field.This method does not include any complex experimental operations or tedious derivation,and the resolution of stress variation is greatly improved by the continuous measurement of the released displacements.The presented method has been preliminarily verified by a specimen with residual stress introduced by a four-point bending test.The results show that residual stresses determined by the DIC-aided slitting technique agree well with those from finite element (FE) prediction.The residual stress in a friction stir welded aluminum specimen obtained by the presented technique is also consistent with the evaluations given by X-ray diffraction.Fur thermore,the residual stresses obtained by the DIC-aided slitting technique demonstrate higher accuracy and stability than the evaluations derived by the DIC-aided contour method.