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181.
C. Paizis A. Raviart B. Heber B. Falconi Ph. Ferrando H. Kunow R. Müller-mellin 《Space Science Reviews》2001,97(1-4):349-354
Previous work on the latitudinal gradient and on the amplitude of the recurrent cosmic ray decreases, has shown that their
magnitude does not decrease monotonically with the particle rigidity, but it presents a broad maximun around 1–2 GV. We have
extended this analysis to study the behaviour of cosmic-ray particles during the modulation steps in the rising part of the
solar activity of the present Solar cycle. We found that the ‘depth’ of the modulation step decreases monotonically with increasing
rigidity and that the least energetic particles are the last to reach their minimum intensity value. We also considered in
this analysis electrons of equal rigidity to study the influence of the charge sign on the particle behaviour during the modulation
steps.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
182.
183.
184.
The radio observations of Venus are reviewed and compared with theoretical microwave spectra computed for a variety of models of the Venusian environment. The models considered are (a) a CO2-N2 atmosphere, (b) an atmosphere of dust (the aeolosphere model), and (c) a cloud model with various loss mechanisms in the cloud. The effect of polarization on the surface emissivity has been included in all the computations. It is shown how the radio observations place limits upon the acceptable models, for example, the density and size of dust particles required in the aeolosphere model. It is shown how some models place severe restrictions on radar observations at short centimeter wavelengths, thereby emphasizing the importance of such experiments. These same models show that the Mariner II observations can not be interpreted in terms of surface phenomena and provide a new interpretation for the microwave phase effect.This work was supported in part by the U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force under Contract DA36-039-AMC-03200(E); and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grants NsG-250-62 and NsG-419). 相似文献
185.
186.
Trunk G.V. Cantrell B.H. Queen F.D. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1974,(5):574-582
The modified generalized sign test processor is a nonparametric, adaptive detector for 2-D search radars. The detector ranks a sample under test with its neighboring samples and integrates (on a pulse-to-pulse basis) the ranks with a two-pole filter. A target is declared when the integrated output exceeds two thresholds. The first threshold is fixed and yields a 10-6 probability of false alarm when the neighboring samples are independent and identically distributed. The second threshold is adaptive and maintains a low false-alarm rate when the integrated neighboring samples are correlated and when there are nonhomogeneities, such as extraneous targets, in the neighboring cells. Using Monte Carlo techniques, probability of false-alarm results, probability of detection curves, and angular accuracy curves have been generated for this detector. The detector was built and PPI photographs are used to indicate the detector's performance when the radar is operated over land clutter. 相似文献
187.
Louise M. Prockter Rosaly M. C. Lopes Bernd Giese Ralf Jaumann Ralph D. Lorenz Robert T. Pappalardo Gerald W. Patterson Peter C. Thomas Elizabeth P. Turtle Roland J. Wagner 《Space Science Reviews》2010,153(1-4):63-111
The surfaces of the Solar System’s icy satellites show an extraordinary variety of morphological features, which bear witness to exchange processes between the surface and subsurface. In this paper we review the characteristics of surface features on the moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Using data from spacecraft missions, we discuss the detailed morphology, size, and topography of cryovolcanic, tectonic, aeolian, fluvial, and impact features of both large moons and smaller satellites. 相似文献
188.
A. Raviart R. Ducros P. Ferrando C. Rastoin B. Heber H. Kunow R. Müller-Mellin H. Sierks G. Wibberenz C. Paizis 《Space Science Reviews》1995,72(1-2):409-414
We describe for the first time the analysis of high energy electrons (above 240 MeV) from the COSPIN/KET experiment onboard Ulysses. The electron time profiles in four energy windows are presented from Oct. 90 to the end of March 94, up to a maximum heliographic latitude of 57 °S. The recovery rates we derived for the electrons are compared to the recovery rates of positively charged particles with the same rigidity. 相似文献
189.
SWE,a comprehensive plasma instrument for the WIND spacecraft 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. W. Ogilvie D. J. Chornay R. J. Fritzenreiter F. Hunsaker J. Keller J. Lobell G. Miller J. D. Scudder E. C. Sittler Jr. R. B. Torbert D. Bodet G. Needell A. J. Lazarus J. T. Steinberg J. H. Tappan A. Mavretic E. Gergin 《Space Science Reviews》1995,71(1-4):55-77
The Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) on the WIND spacecraft is a comprehensive, integrated set of sensors which is designed to investigate outstanding problems in solar wind physics. It consists of two Faraday cup (FC) sensors; a vector electron and ion spectrometer (VEIS); a strahl sensor, which is especially configured to study the electron strahl close to the magnetic field direction; and an on-board calibration system. The energy/charge range of the Faraday cups is 150 V to 8 kV, and that of the VEIS is 7 V to 24.8 kV. The time resolution depends on the operational mode used, but can be of the order of a few seconds for 3-D measurements. Key parameters which broadly characterize the solar wind positive ion velocity distribution function will be made available rapidly from the GGS Central Data Handling Facility. 相似文献
190.
Ueno K. Itanami T. Kumazawa H. Ohtomo I. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1995,31(2):600-607
Feasibility studies on a multiband communication satellite antenna system and the key technologies involved in devising this system are described. The proposed multiband communication satellite utilizes four frequency bands: Ka (30/20 GHz), Ku (14/12 GHz), C (6/4 GHz), and S (2.6/2.5 GHz). It has six beam configurations, three multibeam and three shaped-beam. The following key technologies are presented: (1) a low-loss frequency selective subreflector (FSR) for compact feeds, (2) a low-loss and broadband frequency selective surface (FSS), and (3) a highly accurate and reliable mesh reflector 相似文献