Evaluation of a combined electrostatic and magnetostatic configuration for active space-radiation shielding

Developing successful and optimal solutions to mitigating the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is critical for the success of deep-space explorations. A recent report (Tripathi et al., 2008) had explored the feasibility of using electrostatic shielding. Here, we continue to extend the electrostatic shielding strategy and examine a hybrid configuration that utilizes both electrostatic and magnetostatic fields. The main advantages of this system are shown to be: (i) a much better shielding and repulsion of incident ions from both solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR), (ii) reductions in the power requirement for re-charging the electrostatic sub-system, and (iii) low requirements of the magnetic fields that are well below the thresholds set for health and safety for long-term exposures. Furthermore, our results show transmission levels reduced to levels as low as 30% for energies around 1000 MeV, and near total elimination of SPE radiation by these hybrid configurations. It is also shown that the power needed to replenish the electrostatic charges due to particle hits from the GCR and SPE radiation is minimal.     

基于某微型发动机对比分析轴流涡轮与向心涡轮的气动性能与减重

为了确定厘米级微型涡轮发动机在相对较大功率、流量需求时的涡轮形式,以实现发动机更高的性能,本文基于某直径12厘米微发样机开展研究。本文估算了该样机整机环境下单级轴流涡轮的做功能力,并按参数优选规律设计了一台微型轴流涡轮,将之与该样机所采用的微型向心涡轮进行对比,基于CFD和CAD工具分析了两种叶轮在功率、效率及尺寸重量方面的差别。研究表明：在先进微小型发动机总压比提高（4～6,本文设计采用4.2）的情况下,涡轮为了在保持效率的同时满足压气机更高的功率需求,轴流式必须采用双级方案,向心式单级就可满足要求;在压气机压比4～6条件下,进一步对比双级轴流与单级向心方案的结果显示,当流量小于500g/s时,向心式具有尺寸重量优势,发动机能实现较高的推重比。针对厘米级微型发动机,在发动机增压比较高且没有超出单级向心涡轮做功能力的范围时,向心涡轮方案是更好的选择。     

航空发动机多路模糊切换控制系统设计

针对航空发动机在不同控制通路切换过程中出现的转速等参数发生大幅度跳变以及系统不稳定的问题,提出了一种模糊切换控制方法,设计了基于不同结构控制通路的模糊切换控制器,基于无源性概念对航空发动机多路模糊切换控制系统进行了稳定性分析,得到了多路模糊切换控制系统稳定的充分条件。航空发动机模糊切换系统与直接切换系统仿真结果表明了航空发动机多路模糊切换控制方法的有效性。     

2009版洛氏硬度、布氏硬度和维氏硬度试验方法标准的变化

对比分析2009年最新修订发布的GB/T 230.1-2009<金属材料洛氏硬度试验第1部分:试验方法(A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、K、N、T标尺)>、GB/T 231.1-2009<金属材料布氏硬度试验第1部分:试验方法>和GB/T 4340.1-2009<金属材料维氏硬度试验第1部分:试验方法>标准与旧版本标准...     

航空装备备件需求量的概率区间计算方法

科学合理地解决备件配置问题一直为人们所瞩目,备件配置数量的多少不仅影响装备的维修甚至影响装备的战备完好率。计算备件需求量的传统模型是概率模型,然而概率模型中的分布参数往往有一定程度的不确定性。本文对概率模型中含有有界不确定参数的备件需求量计算问题进行研究,根据航空装备备件的分类,分别提出了寿命服从指数分布、正态分布和威布尔分布部件的备件需求量的概率区间确定方法。所提出的方法较好地解决了分布参数有界不确定时航空装备备件的配置问题并能够充分保证备件的保障率,进而提高航空综合保障水平。最后,通过数值算例说明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

Acceleration sensors based modal identification and active vibration control of flexible smart cantilever plate

Some flexible appendages of spacecrafts, such as solar panels, are cantilever plate structures. Thus, vibration problem is unavoidable when there is slewing maneuver or external disturbance excitation. Vibration of such cantilever plate structures includes coupled bending and torsional motion. Furthermore, the low amplitude vibration near the equilibrium point is very difficult to be quickly suppressed due to nonlinear factors of the hardware in the system, which is harmful to stability and attitude control accuracy. To solve these problems, acceleration sensor-based modal identification and active vibration control methods are presented for the first two bending and the first two torsional modes vibration of the cantilever plate. Optimal placements of three acceleration sensors and PZT patches actuators are performed to decouple the bending and torsional vibration of such cantilever plate for sensing and actuating, and identifications are achieved by experiments. A nonlinear control method is presented to suppress both high and low amplitude vibrations of flexible smart cantilever plate significantly. Experimental comparison researches are conducted by using acceleration proportional feedback and the presented nonlinear control algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented acceleration sensor-based methods can suppress the vibration of cantilever plate effectively.     

一种新的双复权雷达干扰自动对消系统研究

复杂电磁干扰环境下,雷达干扰对消系统性能发挥受到了挑战.针对对消系统面临的这一问题,分析了干扰对消的基本原理,并对影响对消性能的主要因素进行了深入探讨.在此基础上,设计了单延迟节FIR滤波器双复权对消系统,大大减小了空间波程差和通道不一致性对对消系统造成的不良影响.仿真结果验证了系统的有效性.     

弹射座椅的静态舒适性仿真

针对弹射座椅舒适性存在的不足,基于Poser软件,首先以中国男性飞行员尺寸为依据,建立了三维静态人体模型,保证了人体主要部位尺寸的准确性;然后把AutoCAD中的弹射座椅导入3Dmax软件中,结合飞机座舱的几何尺寸及各操纵机构的几何尺寸,建立弹射座椅-座舱操纵机构模型.最后把该模型导入Poser 软件中,利用人机工效学的相关理论,建立弹射座椅-飞行员-座舱操纵机构系统平台模型.在系统平台中对飞行员进行操纵仿真和分析,讨论了影响弹射座椅舒适性的因素并提出了优化设计方法.由于系统平台中参数的准确性和可调节性,提高了弹射座椅舒适性研究的标准化和通用化程度.      

压电层合板振动的鲁棒控制

研究具有不确定系统参数的压电层合板,同时考虑压电层合板的稳态性能和暂态性能,在模型降阶的基础上,应用融合多性能指标的鲁棒控制理论设计控制器,使压电层合板的振动响应满足给定的期望性能指标集,并使压电层合板对参数摄动具有鲁棒性,对扰动输入具有良好的抑制作用.实现压电层合板的鲁棒控制,使振动幅度快速、准确地得到控制.为解决多指标下不确定压电层合板振动的控制问题提供一种代数方法.