基于投影约束的C臂外参数优化方法

C臂外参数计算是手术导航系统实现图像空间与手术空间映射的关键环节.标记点提取误差将使外参数偏离真值.采用投影方法系统分析选点误差对外参数计算的影响,发现相机光轴方向平移参数收敛性弱、易受误差干扰.利用不同平面上投影距离之比作为约束对线性方法所得外参数进行修正.借鉴二/三维图像配准方法,采用修正后的估计外参数与已标定内参数进行重投影,根据几何方法直接求出外参数修正量,避免反复迭代优化.仿真结果表明,该标定方法对误差具有一定免疫性,能够提高外参数精度.      

机翼-机身柔顺对接装配及接触力分析方法

在机翼机身数字化对接装配中,由于制造误差、定位误差等因素,装配件在对接前不可避免地存在一定偏差,对接过程中连接结构可能出现磕碰、磨损和变形等现象。为了避免翼身对接装配中遇到上述情况,本文设计了一种五自由度柔顺对接机构,使部件对接过程中遇到干涉时能够柔性适应,根据目标部件的导向顺利完成装配。在此基础上,本文以叉耳式连接结构为研究对象,通过对翼身柔顺对接过程中连接结构的接触力情况进行分析,建立了翼身柔顺对接过程中叉耳式连接结构的接触力预测模型。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

基于比例归一化LMS算法次级通道模型辨识

将主动噪声控制技术应用于地铁通风隧道的噪声控制上,其应用效果在很大程度上取决于信号处理的实时性。在保证控制算法收敛的基础上,要求算法收敛速度尽可能快,以确保对声波变化的准确跟踪,据此产生匹配的振幅相等、相位相反的次级声信号,进而对噪声进行控制。利用比例思想对LMS算法进行改进,为小系数配上小的步长因子,为大系数配上较大的步长因子。最后,将其应用在地铁通风隧道的次级声通道模型的辨识上,并与常用的LMS算法在收敛速度、稳态失调性能上做出比较。数值分析结果表明,采用改进后的LMS算法能够有效地加快算法收敛,改善算法的稳态失调性能。     

LRU可靠性评估仿真模型及实例分析

目前,有关航空维修中出现的高故障率现场可更换单元(LRU)的可靠性评估和LRU 故障组件定位等方面的研究仍鲜有报道,为此设计一种适用于LRU“更换维修暠策略的可靠性评估仿真模型,详细介绍模型中各个功能模块的设计原理和实现方法、步骤,并以某型军用飞机液压系统中常见的高故障率LRU 为例,对模型进行应用分析。结果表明:该仿真模型在LRU 可靠性评估中具有可行性和普遍适用性。     

民用飞机临界冰型确定策略浅析

分析了适航规章第25部121修正案中关于民机临界冰型的修订内容,提出大型客机结冰适航验证所用临界冰型的确定策略。针对飞机不同飞行阶段分析飞机结冰特征,对飞机不同部件开展结冰参数临界性分析,确定临界结冰条件,结合结冰数值预测和冰风洞试验手段提出相应的临界冰型确定方法;同时提出适航验证所需失效冰型、延迟冰型等特殊冰型的确定方法。根据性能、操稳和动力专业对于结冰临界性的不同要求,对比评估各种冰型对飞机影响的严重程度,最终确定飞机用于适航验证的临界冰型。本文可为大型客机的结冰适航验证工作提供参考。     

某类跨大气层飞行器全航程红外辐射特性分析

针对某类跨大气层飞行器飞行过程中需要进出大气层,且飞行速度跨度大等特点,建立了不同空域、不同飞行速度下的机体头部受热模型。当在大气层内飞行时分别使用经验公式和Lees公式计算马赫数小于5和大于5时头部受热情况,当在大气层外飞行时建立了考虑太阳直射、地球反照和地球红外加热情况下的受热模型。利用普朗克定律得到了相同温度下不同波段的红外辐射能量占比情况。最后利用本方法对某类跨大气层飞行器进行了温度和红外辐射计算,得到的计算结果能够大致反映全航程头部温度和红外辐射变化情况。     

激光击穿不同气体的激光推进实验研究

为了研究激光击穿气体工质的机理,通过测量冲量耦合系数,比较了激光在不同压强下击穿不同惰性单原子气体(氩气、氦气)的效果,试验结果表明:原子序数较大的无机气体原子可以电离出更多的电子,从而击穿阈值更低,激光能量转化为爆轰波能量的能量转化效率更高,冲量耦合系数就越大,同样条件下更容易击穿。推进剂气体不同,冲量耦合系数差别较大。测量摆角对结果的影响也较大。     

高超声速二维进气道参数化设计方法初探

通过高超声速二维进气道流动与几何参数制约关系分析和参数敏感性分析, 确定了能够对二维进气道进行参数化设计的5个基本几何控制参数, 初步建立了高超声速二维进气道的参数化设计方法.结果表明该方法选择的基本参数能够敏感地反映进气道的关键性能和尺寸, 为二维进气道型面优化设计提供了切实可行的途径.      

Mechanical behavior and properties of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites for high temperature use

Ceramics can keep their mechanical characteristics up to 2 000℃ or higher.In this paper,A model to predict ultimate strength of continuous fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composites is developed.A statistical theory for the strength of a uni-axially fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composite is presented.Also a semi-empirical frictional heating method for estimating in-situ interfacial shear in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites was improved.Local uneven fiber packing variation as well as uneven micro-damage during fatigue can be expected to have effects on the composites:generation of frictional heating,thermal gradients,and residual stresses around local fiber breaks.This study examined those engineering interests by the finite element method.