一级旋流强度对双旋流杯下游油气分布的影响

为了改善双旋流杯点火性能,需要优化其下游的流场和油雾场。利用激光粒子动态分析技术(PDA)测量基准双旋流杯下游的流场和油雾场,据此提出一级旋流器旋流数仅增大6.7%,但切向动量矩减小44%的改进方案,并进行了流场和油雾场对比试验。试验结果表明:减小双旋流杯一级旋流切向动量矩会使旋流杯下游流场结构发生较大变化,使其从收扩型转变为扩张型,同时减小油雾的索太尔平均直径(SMD);当与旋流杯出口距离超过2.5倍文氏管喉道直径时,流场输运和油滴蒸发作用增强,使得油雾分布更加均匀,燃油SMD更小。在航空发动机燃烧室双旋流杯设计中,不仅要考虑传统的旋流数概念,还应考虑各级切向动量矩的综合影响作用。     

基于成本控制的机队优化配置方法

为了控制航空公司运营成本,实现燃油成本和机组时间成本最小,建立多目标整数规划模型,分析各成本因素所占比例,考虑旅客市场需求、航线频率限制、机队飞机寿命限制及飞机适航限制等因素,并采用层次分析法对模型进行求解。通过算例分析和评价,实现航线资源与机队的最优配置,为航空公司降低可变成本提供理论依据。     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

双翼布局微型飞行器气动特性试验研究

通过低速风洞试验研究了使用双翼布局改善固定翼微型飞行器(MAV)气动性能的问题.首先比较不同平面形状单翼(齐莫曼翼和反齐莫曼翼)与双翼布局的气动特性.在此基础上为了优化低雷诺数范围内的双翼布局,研究不同几何参数对气动特性的影响,包括双翼不同的翼间距和交错位置以及不同的上下翼平面形状,并分析了造成这种气动性能差异可能存在的流场相互作用机理.研究表明,双翼布局能够改善单翼微型飞行器的气动性能,双翼之间的相对几何位置对其气动特性影响很大.通过不同平面形状上翼与下翼组合的比较发现,就最大升力和升阻比而言,上翼为齐莫曼翼、下翼为反齐莫曼翼且上翼位于下翼上游的布局较优.     

推进剂功能组分作用机理研究——(Ⅱ)丁羟/铝粉体系

在丁羟 /铝粉组成的实验体系中 ,通过测定药浆流变性的变化 ,研究了一些功能组分在推进剂中的作用机理。结果表明 ,醇胺络合物TEA·BF3 是推进剂中铝粉的偶联剂 ,在其它功能组分存在的条件下 ,仍能竞争吸附于铝粉颗粒表面。实验发现 ,在Al/HTPB/IPDI体系药浆中 ,TEA·BF3 与MAPO间存在明显的协同效应 ,使药浆流变性能显著恶化。文中对其它一些功能组分在药浆中的作用机理也进行了分析探讨。     

变轨发动机不等量截尾试验可靠度评估

对于可靠度要求极高和任务时间以小时计的变轨发动机来说，目前广泛采用以铌合金为材料并喷涂以抗高温氧化涂层方案的推力室，这一类发动机在方案试验阶段结束后的研制试验中往往只出现截尾试验的结果。给出了不等量截尾试验结果的可靠度评估方案。     

Numerical Study of Parachute-Payload Land Site Distribution with Randomize Wind Gust Model

A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.     

基于MSC/Patran的结构优化系统前后置开发与应用

在UNIX环境下,以MSC/Patran为平台,利用平台提供的二次开发工具PCL,通过客户化、增设特定的命令和窗体等技术开发了结构优化系统的前后置模块,并集成现有数值计算模块,形成工程程序系统.由此开发的系统前后置保持平台的原有强大功能,且易实现和赢得用户.最后通过算例说明了系统的实用性和工程有效性.