蜻蜓爬升过程飞行特征实验研究

昆虫真实飞行过程中的飞行特征是仿生流体力学机理研究的基础和关键。本文针对蜻蜓(黄蜻)大、小爬升角2种飞行状态的运动规律和动力学特性展开研究,根据蜻蜓的趋光特性诱导其进行爬升飞行。采用2台光轴相互垂直的高速摄像机进行拍摄,通过特征点匹配和三维重构方法准确地捕捉了2种爬升飞行过程中蜻蜓身体和翅膀的运动参数,并进行动力学特性对比分析。实验结果表明:蜻蜓在进行大爬升角爬升时需要的上升力大于向前的推力,最大拍动幅度比小爬升角爬升时约大40%;扑翼频率比小爬升角爬升时约大3.3 Hz,前后翅相位差相对于小爬升角爬升时减小20°以上;另外,大爬升角爬升过程中前翅前倾角度更大,这样能够使蜻蜓身体保持更大的俯仰角,翅膀能够获得更大的上升力。      

一种低干扰力矩的三自由度球面磁轴承

提出一种低干扰力矩的三自由度球面磁轴承结构,球面磁轴承定、转子均采用球面结构。当磁通作用在转子的球形包络面时,产生的电磁力会指向转子球心,不会对转子产生干扰力矩,但少量的漏磁磁通会作用在转子的非球形平面上,导致低干扰力矩的出现。利用等效磁路法对球形转子偏转时轴向部分漏磁导致的干扰力矩进行分析,得出干扰力矩的数学表达式。运用有限元法分析球面磁轴承和柱面磁轴承产生偏转时的干扰力矩,结果表明干扰力矩随着转子偏转角度的增加而增大,当转子偏转角达到最大允许值0.3°时,球面磁轴承与柱面磁轴承相比干扰力矩减小两个数量级。球面磁轴承的低干扰力矩特性决定其特别适用于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺,可提高陀螺的控制精度,在磁悬浮高能密度电机、其他飞轮系统等场合具有广阔的应用前景。     

适用于航天领域的高效叠加式升压变换器

叠加式升压变换器（SBC）的部分功率不通过开关电路,而通过叠加支路直接供给负载,因此可实现较高的效率,适用于航天场合。为了避免输入输出电流断续,采用的变压器为双边磁化的隔离脉冲单元,它与电感、输出滤波电容以及叠加支路共同组成SBC变换器。根据电感位置的不同,分别提出了SBC-Ⅰ、SBC-Ⅱ和SBC-Ⅲ的基本结构与生成规则。基于生成规则推衍出9种SBC变换器,并从电流特性、输入输出电压关系、主电路传递函数、变压器的磁偏问题以及效率的角度对这9种变换器进行分析比较。最后选择一种性能最优的变换器,通过600 W的实验样机验证理论分析结果。     

Response and adaptation of bone cells to simulated microgravity

Bone loss induced by microgravity during space flight is one of the most deleterious factors on astronaut’s health and is mainly attributed to an unbalance in the process of bone remodeling. Studies from the space microgravity have demonstrated that the disruption of bone remodeling is associated with the changes of four main functional bone cells, including osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and mesenchymal stem cells. For the limited availability, expensive costs and confined experiment conditions for conducting space microgravity studies, the mechanism of bone cells response and adaptation to microgravity is still unclear. Therefore, some ground-based simulated microgravity methods have been developed to investigate the bioeffects of microgravity and the mechanisms. Here, based on our studies and others, we review how bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and mesenchymal stem cells) respond and adapt to simulated microgravity.     

Cubature Kalman filtering for relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation

A novel relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation approach based on cubature Kalman filter is derived. The integrated sensor suit comprises the gyro sensors on each spacecraft and a vision-based navigation system on the deputy spacecraft. In the traditional algorithm, an assumption that the chief?s body frame coincides with its Local Vertical Local Horizontal (LVLH) frame is made to construct the line-of-sight observations for convenience. To solve this problem, two relative quaternions that map the chief?s LVLH frame to the deputy and chief body frames are involved. The general relative equations of motion for eccentric orbits are used to describe the positional dynamics. The implementation equations for the cubature Kalman filter are derived. Simulation results indicate that the proposed filter provides more accurate estimates of relative attitude and position over than the extended Kalman filter.     

一种位并行近似串匹配的星图识别算法

提出了一种基于位并行法近似串匹配的星图识别新方法。 首先为选取的导航星建立相应的模式串,然后利用改进的并行化动态规划矩阵算法（BPM）为观测星图中的星体寻找匹配的导航模式,并验证匹配结果的正确性,完成星图识别。仿真试验结果表明,本方法算法简便、导航星库存储容量小,抗干扰能力强,有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于退化数据与故障数据的导弹竞争故障预测

针对具有多元退化量的导弹竞争故障预测问题,分析了导弹退化特性,并在考虑突发故障与退化故障相关性的基础上,建立了具有多元退化量的导弹竞争故障预测模型。对导弹性能退化数据与突发故障数据进行统计推断,确定了数据的分布类型,在此基础上对竞争故障预测模型的参数进行了求解。针对导弹性能退化数据分布参数存在非线性、小样本等问题,运用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)预测模型对性能退化数据的分布参数进行了预测,得到了性能退化数据未来某一时刻的分布函数;针对退化量与突发故障的相关性,应用位置-尺度模型分析了退化量与突发故障的关系,得出了突发故障与退化量的相关参数,进而根据导弹竞争故障预测模型得到了导弹未来一段时间内的竞争故障概率。以贮存状态下的整批导弹为例,实现了导弹竞争故障预测,并与其他预测方法进行了对比,结果验证了方法的合理性与有效性。      

星间测距对小卫星编队相对轨道状态的修正

相对轨道状态确定是小卫星编队正常工作的基础和重要保障.针对小型化、低成本的星载GPS接收机定轨精度较低的情况,提出一种利用单纯星间测距信息对卫星编队相对轨道进行修正的方法.引入星间测距信息,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法提高编队的相对轨道估计精度.通过仿真验证,证实了该方案的有效性.     

飞行器集群协同定位与导航对抗技术发展与展望

以动平台飞行器集群为对象,剖析集群协同定位与导航对抗技术内涵,分析技术现状,提炼技术难点,展望技术发展趋势,为未来中国飞行器集群自主时空基准体系构建及导航对抗提供新思路.     

Effect of grain refinement on cutting force of difficult-to-cut metals in ultra-precision machining

The nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 is treated with Coupled Ultrasonic and Electric Pulse Treatment(CUEPT), and the surface grain is refined from the average size of 9550.0 nm to287.9, 216.3, 150.5, 126.3, 25.8 nm by different effective treatment currents, respectively. The ultraprecision turning experiments are carried out on the processed workpiece after CUEPT. The experimental results show that the average cutting force increases with the decrease of surface grain size.Moreover, a mathema...