Dynamic imaging and RCS measurements of aircraft

Results on radar cross section (RCS) measurements and inverse synthetic aperture radar images of a Mooney 231 aircraft using a ground-to-air measurement system (GTAMS) and a KC-135 airplane using an airborne radar are presented. The Mooney 231 flew in a controlled path in both clockwise and counterclockwise orbits, and successively with the gear down, flaps in the take-off position and with the speed brakes up. The data indicates that RCS pattern measurements from both ground-based and airborne radar of flying aircraft are useful and that the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images obtained are valuable for signature diagnostics     

Analysis of the linear amplifier/analog-digital converter interfacein a digital microwave receiver

An analysis of the relationship between a linear amplifier chain and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a digital microwave receiver, with respect to sensitivity and dynamic range issues, is presented. The effects of gain, third-order intermodulation products and ADC characteristics on the performance of the receiver are illustrated and design criteria for the linear amplifier chain (given a specified ADC) are developed. A computer program is included which calculates theoretical receiver performance based on gain and third-order intermodulation product selections. Experimental results are also presented and compared with theoretical values     

An interacting multiple model approach for target tracking withglint noise

The application of the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation approach to the problem of target tracking when the measurements are perturbed by glint noise is considered. The IMM is a very effective approach when the system has discrete uncertainties in the dynamic or measurement model as well as continuous uncertainties. It is shown that this method performs better than the “score function” method. It is also shown that the IMM method performs robustly when the exact prior information of the glint noise is not available     

Ballistic missile track initiation from satellite observations

An algorithm is presented to initiate tracks of a ballistic missile in the initial exoatmospheric phase, using line of sight (LOS) measurements from one or more moving platforms (typically satellites). The major feature of this problem is the poor target motion observability which results in a very ill-conditioned estimation problem. The Gauss-Newton iterative least squares minimization algorithm for estimating the state of a nonlinear deterministic system with nonlinear noisy measurements has been previously applied to the problem of angles-only orbit determination using more than three observations. A major shortcoming of this approach is that convergence of the algorithm depends strongly on the initial guess. By using the more sophisticated Levenberg-Marquardt method in place of the simpler Gauss-Newton algorithm and by developing robust new methods for obtaining the initial guess in both single and multiple satellite scenarios, the above mentioned difficulties have been overcome. In addition, an expression for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the error covariance matrix of the estimate is derived. We also incorporate additional partial information as an extra pseudomeasurement and determine a modified maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the target state and the associated bound on the covariance matrix. In most practical situations, probabilistic models of the target altitude and/or speed at the initial point constitute the most useful additional information. Monte Carlo simulation studies on some typical scenarios were performed, and the results indicate that the estimation errors are commensurate with the theoretical lower bounds, thus illustrating that the proposed estimators are efficient     

A novel resonant converter topology for DC-to-DC power supply

A class-E DC-to-DC converter with half-wave controlled current rectifier is proposed. Its output voltage is controlled by the conduction angle of the rectifier switch at constant switching frequency. Zero voltage switching for all the switches can be maintained from full load to no load. Its steady state characteristics are analyzed and the effects of the circuit parameters are studied. Some extensions of the proposed converter are also discussed. The analysis is verified by PSPICE simulation and an experimental prototype     

Dynamic dissipative compensators for multibody flexible spacestructures

The stability characteristics of dynamic dissipative compensators are investigated for multibody flexible space structures having nonlinear dynamics. The problem addressed is that of proving asymptotic stability of dynamic dissipative compensators. The stability proof uses the Lyapunov approach and exploits the inherent passivity of such systems. For such systems these compensators are shown to be robust to parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics. The results are applicable to a large class of structures such as satellites with multiple payloads and space-based manipulators     

求解非定常空气动力系数主导极点的近似方法

在计算与风洞实验的基础上, 提出了机翼剪切翼梢气动布局, 对平面形状与翼型进行了 优化设计, 达到了巡航状态与爬升阶段较高的增升减阻要求。计算采用涡格面元法与涡升力展向 分布吸力比拟法相结合的方法, 既能考虑气动力的非线性因素, 又有较高的计算精度与速度。计 算结果与实验数据十分吻合。通过分析得到, 在矩形翼翼梢处增加具有较大前缘后掠角的梯形剪 切翼梢有不仅增加机翼展弦比, 且可改变展向环量分布, 使其接近椭圆分布; 剪切翼梢上的前缘 涡可抑制翼端涡的作用(使翼端涡强度变弱) , 并在剪切翼梢上产生附加升力。     

子午扩张流道中叶片积叠线形式对损失的影响

采用全三维粘性流N－S方程程序，对具有大扩张角中间机匣的某型涡轮 低压导向器叶栅中的流场进行了数值模拟。在子午面型线不变的条件下，导向器叶栅采用了10种不同变曲和倾斜形式的叶片。计算结果表明：导向器叶栅采用不同积叠线形式的叶片，对导向器叶栅出口截面上通道涡的位置，强度和尺度以及能量损失的影响是显著的，采用适度的正弯或正倾斜叶片可降低导向器叶栅的能量损失。     

罗-罗在A3XX发动机竞争中首战告捷

在Ａ３ＸＸ的发动机竞争中，英国罗－罗公司的遄达９００选用于新加坡航空公司订购的Ａ３ＸＸ     

The Solar Chemical Composition

We present our current knowledge of the solar chemical composition based on the recent significant downward revision of the solar photospheric abundances of the most abundant metals. These new solar abundances result from the use of a 3D hydrodynamic model of the solar atmosphere instead of the classical 1D hydrostatic models, accounting for departures from LTE, and improved atomic and molecular data. With these abundances, the new solar metallicity, Z, decreases to Z=0.012, almost a factor of two lower than earlier widely used values. We compare our values with data from other sources and analyse a number of impacts of these new photospheric abundances. While resolving a number of longstanding problems, the new 3D-based solar photospheric composition also poses serious challenges for the standard solar model as judged by helioseismology.