Preparation of the Biochip experiment on the EXPOSE-R2 mission outside the International Space Station

Biochips might be suited for planetary exploration. Indeed, they present great potential for the search for biomarkers – molecules that are the sign of past or present life in space – thanks to their size (miniaturized devices) and sensitivity. Their detection principle is based on the recognition of a target molecule by affinity receptors fixed on a solid surface. Consequently, one of the main concerns when developing such a system is the behavior of the biological receptors in a space environment. In this paper, we describe the preparation of an experiment planned to be part of the EXPOSE-R2 mission, which will be conducted on the EXPOSE-R facility, outside the International Space Station (ISS), in order to study the resistance of biochip models to space constraints (especially cosmic radiation and thermal cycling). This experiment overcomes the limits of ground tests which do not reproduce exactly the space parameters. Indeed, contrary to ground experiments where constraints are applied individually and in a limited time, the biochip models on the ISS will be exposed to cumulated constraints during several months. Finally, this ISS experiment is a necessary step towards planetary exploration as it will help assessing whether a biochip can be used for future exploration missions.     

叶尖泄漏流和引射效应对跨声速串列转子失速机制的影响

为探究跨声速串列转子的失速机制,利用数值模拟的手段对不同间隙情况的某跨声速串列转子的叶尖流场进行分析.研究发现:前排二次泄漏区会对失速产生重要影响;叶尖泄漏流和引射效应是前排二次泄漏区流场结构的决定因素,而间隙大小直接影响着两者的强弱.当前排大间隙时,叶尖泄漏流强,是前排二次泄漏区流场的主导因素,这时失速首先发生在前排;当前排间隙减小时,引射效应增强,并逐渐成为主导因素,这时前排二次泄漏区的堵塞情况得到改善,失速区域转移到后排.改变前排间隙对该跨声速转子的性能有更显著的影响,当前排为最先失速排时,改变后排间隙对串列转子性能没有显著影响.      

战术导弹结构动力学灵敏度分析研究

研究了战术导弹的结构动力学频率灵敏度、振型灵敏度分析技术。首先,给出了结构模态灵敏度分析的理论和计算公式。然后,给出了某型导弹的结构动力学分析有限元模型。最后,分析了战术导弹各连接面刚度对全弹振动频率和振型的灵敏度。研究发现处于结构振型波峰或者波谷的中部连接面的刚度对全弹模态影响较大。该方法为模型修正和结构设计提供了参考。     

激波过弯道绕双圆柱流场

采用单曝光光栅干涉或双曝光光栅干涉，研究激波过弯道绕双圆柱传播的微波流场。采用单曝光法，成功显示入射激波到第一圆柱上的反射、绕射，到达第二圆柱上的反射、绕射。在同一底片上采用双次曝光，第一次脉冲记录直道上的平面波，第二次脉冲记录激渡过弯道绕双圆柱流场。这些照片对于研究反射、绕射及它们边界的相互作用是很有用的。     

Tracking multiple objects with particle filtering

We address the problem of multitarget tracking (MTT) encountered in many situations in signal or image processing. We consider stochastic dynamic systems detected by observation processes. The difficulty lies in the fact that the estimation of the states requires the assignment of the observations to the multiple targets. We propose an extension of the classical particle filter where the stochastic vector of assignment is estimated by a Gibbs sampler. This algorithm is used to estimate the trajectories of multiple targets from their noisy bearings, thus showing its ability to solve the data association problem. Moreover this algorithm is easily extended to multireceiver observations where the receivers can produce measurements of various nature with different frequencies.     

仿生四足六旋翼无人机自适应着陆性能分析

旋翼无人机在民用和军用领域被广泛应用,但传统撬式起落架在复杂地形下难以起降,为了扩大旋翼无人机的降落面积和应用范围,设计一种仿人腿式两级缓冲自适应起落架。通过对仿生腿的正逆运动学分析,提出一种自适应起落架姿态调整策略;建立仿生四足六旋翼无人机着陆动力学模型,基于多体动力学软件sim?center 3D 开展了着陆动力学仿真,并与传统撬式起落架进行着陆性能对比研究。结果表明：着陆腿式的两级缓冲自适应起落架及其姿态调整策略,能够使滚转角减小95.69%,过载系数降低34.06%,两级缓冲自适应起落架在面对复杂地形时具备主动调节姿态安全着陆的地形适应能力和极好的减震缓冲能力。     

GEO编队空间机器人系统交会方法

针对地球静止轨道（GEO）上被服务航天器的远距离和非合作特点,提出一种高自主、高协同、多任务的编队空间机器人在轨服务系统方案,实现对非合作目标的自主交会接近。首先,分析GEO卫星轨道约束力小的轨道特征和非合作的信息交互特征,给出由操作空间机器人和监视空间机器人组成的编队在轨服务系统,设计交会接近相对测量分系统以及在轨服务飞行任务;接着,给出典型远距离交会接近的多视线相对导航方法与多冲量相对制导律;最后,进行远距离交会任务仿真校验,结果表明编队空间机器人交会接近方法是有效的。     

基于选星预处理的改进随机抽样一致性RAIM方法

多星座导航能够增加可视卫星数量,改善卫星几何构型,已成为卫星导航定位领域发展的重要方向之一.多星座导航接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)技术对提高导航系统的完好性具有重要作用.面向多星座导航的完好性监测需求,分析了传统随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)故障检测方法的不足,提出了一种基于最小样本集选星预处理的改进RANSAC RAIM算法.该算法基于最大四面体积法和GDOP值贡献度的选星方法选取具有较好构型的卫星构成卫星子集,取代了传统RANSAC RAIM方法通过遍历构成卫星子集,可有效避免卫星子集中存在较差卫星几何构型的情况,减少子集数量,提升故障检测的准确率.静态和动态仿真实验表明,改进的RANSAC RAIM算法在检测效率和检测准确率等方面明显优于传统方法.     

负游隙对高速高温薄壁圆柱滚子轴承动态性能的影响分析

计算了圆柱滚子轴承径向游隙为负值时的等效径向预紧载荷,并考虑等效径向预紧载荷下的套圈弹性变形,通过求解包含套圈弹性变形接触变形等效径向预紧载荷的非线性方程组,得到负游隙圆柱滚子轴承内部的载荷分布情况,以及负径向游隙带来的套圈周向应力.以此分析了负游隙对轴承承载性能及疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明:负径向游隙能够有效降低轴承打滑率,但同时也会降低轴承疲劳寿命,因此在负游隙设计时需同时考虑打滑率和轴承寿命,选择恰当的负游隙.