空间碎片防护研究现状与国内发展建议

文章回顾了近期国外空间碎片防护领域的研究现状和热点问题;介绍了“十一五”期间国内空间碎片防护研究的若干进展;立足我国研究现状,通过对国内航天器防护工程需求分析,提出了未来我国空间碎片防护领域研究发展建议。     

对地观测卫星总体参数多学科优化

针对对地观测卫星总体参数设计问题,建立了以对地观测性能最佳为目标的多学科优化模型,考虑姿轨控制、电源、结构、推进、有效载荷5个分系统的设计变量和相应约束条件,并考虑运载火箭对卫星设计的约束条件,通过经验公式建立分析模型.采用协同优化方法,利用外点罚函数法将系统级优化问题转化为无约束优化问题以改善协同优化系统级的数值缺陷,建立了多学科设计优化框架.计算结果表明通过优化可提升卫星的对地观测性能,验证了该方法的合理性.建模思路与优化方法可望用于更贴合工程实际的卫星参数设计.      

基于变差的遥测天线跟踪稳定度研究*

对遥测系统伺服跟踪数据进行处理,分析对比几种跟踪方式,指出几种跟踪方式中可能存在的问题,并提出相应的改进措施。同时,通过曲线变差、方差的属性分析,研究自主跟踪时天线俯仰、方位的稳定度与跳变程度,并与理论弹道、数字引导方式的曲线稳定度进行分析和对比,得出变差越大稳定度越差,方差越大异常跳变越明显的结论。     

绳系卫星系统周期运动的分岔与镇定

考虑到绳系卫星系统主星姿态的作用,研究状态保持阶段绳系卫星系统的非线性动力学。首先建立含姿态的绳系卫星姿-仰耦合两自由度非线性动力学模型,通过摄动法解析地获得系统的周期运动,利用Floquet理论分析轨道偏心率对该周期运动稳定性的影响。然后,通过与姿态有关的两个系统参数,对绳系卫星系统周期运动的分岔进行了数值仿真。结果表明,姿态和俯仰运动耦合导致绳系卫星系统产生多个概周期运动并存的复杂动力学行为以及混沌运动。最后,为将混沌运动引导到某个稳定的周期运动上,提出利用线性速度反馈的镇定策略。     

推广的铆钉力法解对接桁条加劲板的应力强度因子

 本文通过两类带有对接桁条加劲板应力强度因子的求解,说明推广的铆钉力法及其应用,侧重地讨论了用Pars位移公式确定不规则含裂纹构件位移场的具体步骤。文中给出了两个实际算例的计算曲线,这一结果趋势合理,精度满足工程要求,可直接为工程应用服务。     

自硬树脂砂型的开裂原因及防止措施

简述了冷硬树脂砂型在某些情况下的产生开裂的原因及机理,讨论了几种解决的方法,有利于改进产品质量,减少双方的经济损失.     

叠氮粘合剂推进剂热分解及燃烧性能研究综述

综述了叠氮类粘合剂ＧＡＰ，ＢＡＭＯ和ＡＭＭＯ的热分解及共推进剂的燃烧性能，认为叠氮类推进剂中－Ｎ３基受热易分解，因而基础燃速高，燃速温度敏感性大；在配方中引入有效的添加剂，可提高该类推进剂的燃速，降低其压强度指数。     

用动态分析法表征复合推进剂偶联剂的作用效果

研究了偶联剂对复合推进剂动态力学损耗的影响。建立了一种动态力学分析方法，即通过建立过渡相模型和引入表征因子Ａ，分别在ＨＴＰＢ和聚醚两种体系的复合推进中评价了偶联剂的作用效果。结果表明，天征因子Ａ值越低，偶联剂在该温度范围内的作用效果越好，该结论为表征复合推进剂关剂的作用效果提供了一种新的方法。     

关于普通高校体育教学的思考

通过对高校体育教学中的教学模式、内容设制、考核形式几方面的分析、探讨，提出了高校体育教学应以未来社会人才的需要为出发点，使体育教学从根本上摆脱传统教学观念的束缚，从单纯培养“知识型”、“技能型”人才向培养“创造性”、“综合性”、“应用性”人才转变。     

Variability and climatology of precipitable water vapor from 12-year GPS observations in Taiwan

Because of global warming, global sea levels have risen, the frequency of drought in Taiwan is much more frequent in winter and spring, and rainfall tends to concentrate in summer. The probability of disaster-type weather has also increased significantly. Estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) through GPS signals, related studies and analyses of weather conditions, and the effective use of meteorological forecasts have been valued by many meteorological research organizations and officials. In this study, PWV data from 2006 to 2017 and rainfall data were used for long-term harmonic analysis. PWV data calculated by ECMWF (ECMWF-PWV) and PWV data calculated by GPS (GPS-PWV) were subjected to regression analysis to verify the reliability of the GPS-PWV data. The research results show that GPS-PWV and ECMWF-PWV have extremely high correlations; however, the climatic characteristics of some regions and the high spatial resolution of GPS-PWV are able to accurately calculate the high topographic relief of small areas. It is judged that the GPS-PWV is more accurate than the ECMWF-PWV. It is worth noting that the PWV trend of the regions during the 6-year-before period has not changed very much, but the rainfall trend has changed obviously. Except for the eastern region, most of the regions show a decreasing trend year by year. More long-term observations are still needed to prove whether this phenomenon relates to global warming. Long-term rainfall analysis showed that the topography blocked water vapor to the western, southern, and mountainous regions, making them distinctly wet or dry. The harmonic curve showed great consistency with the peaks of PWV and rainfall. However, in the northern and eastern parts of the windward side, the time when maximum rainfall occurred each year may be one month later than the time when the maximum PWV value occurred each year. The reason for this difference is likely to be a decrease in the number of autumn typhoons, resulting in a nearly one-month difference in PWV peaks and rainfall peaks. Finally, we analyzed the linear trend of GPS-PWV and temperature for all regions in Taiwan, and found that annual increasing rate of GPS-PWV and temperature of all regions are within 0.4–0.5 mm/year and 0.04–0.11 C°/year, respectively.