超声速和高超声速机翼俯仰导数—当地流活塞理论解法

本文给出计算超声速和高超声速尖前缘三维机翼俯仰导数的一个近似解析方法。该方法是根据当地流活塞理论和片条理论导得的。在激波附着于机翼前缘情况下,本方法可用于计算任意迎角,颇为一般的平面形状、尖前缘剖面机翼的俯仰导数。中小平均迎角的数值结果与有限的试验数据和其它理论作了比较,示例表明本方法的结果令人满意。     

A simulation of Martian gravity field recovery by using a near equatorial orbiter

An improvement to the Martian gravity field may be achieved by means of future orbiting spacecraft with small eccentricity and low altitude exemplified through a newly proposed mission design that may be tested in upcoming reconnaissance of Mars. Here, the near equatorial orbital character (with an inclination approximating 10°, eccentricity as 0.01 and semi-major axis as 4000 km) is considered, and its contribution to Martian gravity field solution is analyzed by comparing it with a hypothetical polar circular orbiter. The solution models are evaluated in terms of the following viewpoints: power spectra of gravity field coefficients, correlations of low degree zonal coefficients, precise orbit determination, and error distribution of both Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid. At the same time, the contributions of the near equatorial orbiters in low degree zonal coefficients time variations are also considered. The present results show that the near equatorial orbiter allows us to improve the accuracy of the Martian gravity field solution, decrease correlation of low degree zonal coefficients, retrieve much better time variable information of low degree zonal coefficients, improve precise orbit determination, and provide more accurate Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid around the equatorial region.     

基于遗传算法的最佳熵阈值图像分割法

将遗传算法用于图像分割的Kapur等人提出的最佳熵阈值确定法(简称KSW熵法)中,进行了针对图像分割遗传程序所需的参数设计.KSW熵方法具有很多优点,但同时也存在弱点:需要大量的运算时间,特别是在计算多阈值时.因此需要引入优化算法.J. Holland的遗传算法是具有鲁棒性和自适应性的搜索方法.采用遗传算法实现单阈值和多阈值图像分割,实验结果表明分割速度快于传统的KSW熵法,缩短了运算时间.      

多层月球模型的自转动力学与着陆探测

着重于寻找月核证据并将月核模型引入月球天平动理论中,探讨如何将多种空间探测技术应用于毫角秒精度的月球天平动观测,进而测定液态和固态月核参量。通过讨论多层月球的月球物理参数、流体核的几何与动力学椭率、松散黏滞的月幔,可获得月球相关详细信息与参量,这些参量对评估多层结构的月球自由天平动很重要。物理天平动的解析理论还可应用于未来多种月球工作中,期望在近代月球科学研究基础上能有进一步发展。     

炭纤维／环氧树脂复合材料层板连续激光烧蚀数值计算

应用工程软件ANSYS的参数化设计语言(APDL)编制程序,建立了复合材料瞬态温度场和烧蚀的物理数学模型,利用"杀死"单元的方法实现动边界退移的烧蚀与热传导耦合计算,从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述;采用AN-SYS中处理相变的方法,通过定义材料随温度变化的焓来考虑潜热。考虑了纤维的烧蚀、树脂分解以及辐射和对流热损失,对炭纤维/环氧叠层复合材料在不同辐射时间下激光烧蚀的温度场和烧蚀率进行数值计算,并分析了烧蚀特性和烧蚀机理,计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,可为复合材料热载荷下的失效分析和抗激光加固技术设计提供理论基础。     

台风影响电离层F2区的一种可能机制

在台风期间,特别是台风登陆前后,强烈的海气、陆气相互作用会增强低层大气中的湍流活动,并可能导致大气湍流层顶的抬升.这种抬升会改变高层大气结构,从而影响高层大气中的光化学过程,最终造成对电离层的影响.在台风活动抬升了湍流层顶的前提下,利用一个一维电离层物理模型,模拟了日本中纬地区(45°N,142°E)电离层F2区的响应.模拟结果很好地定性解释了如下观测事实,台风期间,电离层f0F2会下降,对给定频率电波的反射面会抬升;同时还表明以上过程会导致hmF2上升,这表明台风期间湍流层顶的抬升可能是台风影响电离层F2区的一种十分有效的机制.      

The simulation of lunar gravity field recovery from D-VLBI of Chang’E-1 and SELENE lunar orbiters

The lunar gravity field is a foundation to study the lunar interior structure, and to recover the evolution history of the Moon. It is still an open and key topic for lunar science. For above mentioned reasons, it becomes one of the important scientific objectives of recent lunar missions, such as KAGUYA (SELENE) the Japanese lunar mission and Chang’E-1, the Chinese lunar mission. The Chang’E-1 and the SELENE were successfully launched in 2007. It is estimated that these two missions can fly around the Moon longer than 6 months simultaneously. In these two missions, the Chinese new VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) network will be applied for precise orbit determination (POD) by using a differential VLBI (D-VLBI) method during the mission period. The same-beam D-VLBI technique will contribute to recover the lunar gravity field together with other conventional observables, i.e. R&RR (Range and Range Rate) and multi-way Doppler. Taking VLBI tracking conditions into consideration and using the GEODYNII/SOVLE software of GSFC/NASA/USA [8 and 10], we simulated the lunar gravity field recovering ability with and without D-VLBI between the Chang’E-1 and SELENE main satellite. The cases of overlapped flying and tracking period of 30 days, 60 days and 90 days have been analyzed, respectively. The results show that D-VLBI tracking between two lunar satellites can improve the gravity field recovery remarkably. The results and methods introduced in this paper will benefit the actual missions.     

任意迎角二维平板的超声速和高超声速俯仰振动导数

应用频率的摄动法,本文得到了任意迎角二维平板机翼的超声速和高超声速俯仰振动导数。该导数是由包括直到缩减频率的五阶项所组成的。数值结果表明高阶项的贡献在较低马赫数或大迎角情况下是很重要的。作为平均迎角趋于零的特殊情况,本文的数值结果与超声速线化的位流理论是一致的,在高超声速情况与活塞理论一致。     

绿色节能抗斜式起重永磁铁的设计与研究

为了克服起重电磁铁耗电量大的缺点,绿色节能的起重永磁铁成了近些年研究的热点。本文通过分析和对比起重永磁铁与起重电磁铁之间的性能差异,设计出一种兼顾倾斜吊装和水平吊装的抗斜式起重永磁铁。完成了起重永磁铁的磁路设计,计算出固定磁系与旋转磁系所需磁体以及导磁体的尺寸,并分析了所设计磁路在卸物状态下的残余磁场强度;根据旋转磁系的动作特点,设计出抗斜驱动机构,该机构包含两组旋向相反的棘轮转臂机构以及锥齿换向机构,用以保证倾斜状态下至少有一组可以正常驱动旋转磁系旋转,实现吸、卸物。本文解决了倾斜状态下单转臂起重永磁铁无法正常工作的难题。     

在月球背面进行低频射电天文观测的关键技术研究

月球具有足够大的尺寸,能够有效地遮挡来自地球的低频电磁波干扰,因此月球背面是进行低频射电天文观测的最佳场所。本文论述了利用低频射电频谱仪在月球背面进行空间低频射电天文观测的意义,给出了低频射电频谱仪工作原理、科学探测目标和系统组成。研究了低频射电频谱仪的设计,并采用低频射电频谱仪对北京中关村地区空中低频电磁波辐射频谱进行了试验探测,结果表明:低频射电频谱仪能够清晰地探测到0.1~40 MHz频带内的广播电台及授时台等发射的低频电磁波信号。