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521.
Chetty P.R.K. Polivka W.M. Middlebrook R.D. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1980,(2):191-201
A new approach to the design of power systems is presented in which a microprocessor is used as a controller for a digital shunt regulator (DSR). This approach meets the demands of future space and ground missions, i. e., high efficiency, high reliability, low weight, low volume, increased flexibility, and less development time. This approach responds to future demands by permitting realtime modification of system parameters for system optimization. This feature is especially important in the event of an anomaly. As the microprocessor need not be dedicated to the DSR, it can simultaneously be used for battery management and for charge regulator/discharge regulator control. This approach also reduces the component count, simplifies assembly and testing of the unit, results in significant time saving, and increases the reliability. 相似文献
522.
523.
G. Ohring P. Clapp T.R. Heddinghaus A.F. Krueger 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(4):305-308
Cloudiness modulates the radiation budget at the top of the Earth-atmosphere system. For radiation balance studies, for climate diagnostic studies, and for climate modeling studies, it is important to know the sensitivity of both the outgoing longwave radiation and the net (absorbed solar minus outgoing longwave) radiation of the system to changes in cloudiness on a global basis. Based on a 45 month series of NOAA satellite scanning radiometer observations, estimates of the global distribution of these sensitivity parameters are obtained. 相似文献
524.
David P. Stern 《Space Science Reviews》1984,39(1-2):193-213
Energy flow in various large-scale processes of the Earth's magnetosphere is examined. This energy comes from the solar wind, via the dawn-to-dusk convection electric field, a field established primarily by magnetic merging but with viscous-like boundary interaction as a possible contributor. The convection field passes about 5 × 1011 W to the near-Earth part of the plasma sheet, and also moves the plasma earthward. In addition, 1–3 × 1011 W are given to the complex system of the Birkeland currents: about 4 × 1010 of this, on the average, goes to parallel acceleration, chiefly of auroral electrons, about 2–3 times that amount to joule heating of the ionosphere, and the rest heats the ring current. The ring current stores energy (mainly as kinetic energy of particles) of the order of 2 × 1015 J, and this value rises and decays during magnetic storms, on time scales ranging from a fraction of a day to several days. The tail can store comparable amounts as magnetic energy, and appreciable fractions of its energy may be released in substorms, on time scales of tens of minutes. The sporadic power level of such events reaches the order of 3 × 1012 W. The role of magnetic merging in such releases of magnetic energy is briefly discussed, as is the correlation between properties of the solar wind and magnetospheric power levels. 相似文献
525.
An analytical method is developed for determining the basic RF link parameters that are required in a satellite system design. Certain simplifying assumptions are required and specific system elements are selected. Two different design criteria are considered; optimizing the per-beam signal energy to noise spectral density ratio (Eb/N0), and minimizing the per-user costs. These two criteria are complements of each other subject to coverage and performance constraints. The model can be used to rapidly assess tradeoffs in various system elements. A specific example of a domestic satellite system is considered. The economic analyses are also considered and the economy of scale effect is demonstrated for the design example and considered. 相似文献
526.
Experiments of prolonged bedrest in antiorthostatic position are conducted in order to simulated cardio-circulatory modifications observed in weightlessness. Until now, no studies of r.C.B.F. have been effected in these conditions. Six young, healthy volunteers (average age 23.8) were placed in strict bedrest and in antiorthostatic position -4 degrees for 7 days. The r.C.B.F. measurements were studied by 133Xe inhalation method using a 32 detectors system. Studies were made first in basal conditions, then between the 6th and 12th hr, and finally between the 72nd and the 78th hr after the beginning of the experiment. Three of the subjects received 0.450 mg of Clonidine daily during the experiment. In the subjects having taken no Clonidine, we observed a constant increase in r.C.B.F. (12, 17 and 16% respectively) in the first 12 hr; at the 72nd hour, all values had returned to basal state. This findings agrees with the well known notion of a rapid correction of hemodynamic disturbances observed in the first days of weightlessness. In the subjects treated with Clonidine, the increase of r.C.B.F. did not occur. Several mechanisms of action are possible; the Clonidine affecting either the heart by inhibiting volemic atrial receptors or the brain by direct vasoconstriction. 相似文献
527.
528.
Kim N.P. Stanbery B.J. Burgess R.M. Mickelsen R.A. McClelland R.W. King B.D. Gale R.P. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1989,4(11):23-32
Mechanically stacked tandem cells consisting of GaAs thin-film upper cells and CuInSe2 thin-film lower cells have been developed to meet the increasing power needs projected for future spacecraft. The authors report the fabrication of the first highly efficient lightweight GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cell on a 2-mil thick substrate, update recent performance improvements in thin-film GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cells, and discuss their application to space power systems. The efficiency of 4-cm2 cells has improved to 21.6% AM0, the highest ever reported for a thin-film photovoltaic cell. Lightweight 4-cm2 tandem cells have been successfully fabricated with efficiencies as high as 20.8%. These cells weighed about 180 mg without optimized substrate trimming. Radiation and operating temperature effects on GaAs/CuInSe2 tandem cells are also discussed, and an interconnect scheme to form a voltage-matched string is described 相似文献
529.
Severns J.G. Hobbs R.M. Elliott N.P. Towsley R.H. Conway R.W. Virshup G.F. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1989,4(12):8-12
The LIPS III satellite, which was launched into a 1100-km circular orbit of 60° inclination in the spring of 1987, is discussed. LIPS III is a member of the living-plume-shield class of spacecraft, all of which were built around a simple sheet metal plume deflector. The purpose of LIPS III was to provide a testbed for space power sources. An overview of the LIPS III system is given, and the experiments submitted for it, all but one of which were photovoltaic in nature, are described 相似文献
530.
S.M.P. McKenna-Lawlor A.K. Richter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(11):239-251
A sequence of six well defined interplanetary structures (magnetic clouds) was identified in the solar wind and magnetic field measurements of Helios-1 from 29 June-01 July, 1980. (location 0.64–0.67 AU, C. Long. ~165°, C. Lat. ~5.8°). These structures were characterized by a large northward directed solar wind flow; by well defined directional discontinuities of mainly the ‘tangential-type’ at their beginnings and ends; by some increase in proton and by very pronounced increases in alpha particle number densities - each accompanied by sudden temperature decreases (or in one case by an increase); by some times an increase in magnetic field strength and by values of Nα/Np typical of the inner solar atmosphere. These structures are suggested to have been ejections from a succession (27–29 June, 1980) of Type II producing flares in Hale Region 16923 which coronagraph and X-ray (GOES) data indicate constituted a family of transient producing events. Only two interplanetary shocks were identified in the relevant Helios-1 records. It is suggested on the basis of observations of the directionality of certain of the flare related Type II bursts that some of these shocks could have been missed by the spacecraft. This implies that, in the absence of directional information, correlation of an observed interplanetary shock wave with a solar Type II burst may not always lead to a unique result. 相似文献