“T”型尾翼飞机的深失速特性研究

应用时间历程法讨论了“Ｔ”型尾翼飞机的深失速开环特性,分析了气动力矩特性和升降舵操纵规律对深失速改出特性的影响。建立了深失速闭环特性计算数学模型,分析了驾驶员数学模型参数变化对深失速特性的影响。研究结果表明,气动力矩特性,升降舵操纵规律和驾驶员模型参数的变化对“Ｔ”型尾翼飞机的深失速改出特性有显著的影响。     

Does the centre of mass remain stable during complex human postural equilibrium tasks in weightlessness?

In normal gravity conditions the execution of voluntary movement involves the displacement of body segments as well as the maintenance of a stable reference value for equilibrium control. It has been suggested that centre of mass (CM) projection within the supporting base (BS) is the stabilised reference for voluntary action, and is conserved in weightlessness. The purpose of this study was to determine if the CM is stabilised during whole body reaching movements executed in weightlessness. The reaching task was conducted by two cosmonauts aboard the Russian orbital station MIR, during the Franco-Russian mission ALTAIR, 1993. Movements of reflective markers were recorded using a videocamera, successive images being reconstructed by computer every 40ms. The position of the CM, ankle joint torques and shank and thigh angles were computed for each subject pre- in- and post-flight using a 7-link mathematical model. Results showed that both cosmonauts adopted a backward leaning posture prior to reaching movements. Inflight, the CM was displaced throughout values in the horizontal axis three times those of pre-flight measures. In addition, ankle dorsi flexor torques inflight increased to values double those of pre- and post-flight tests. This study concluded that CM displacements do not remain stable during complex postural equilibrium tasks executed in weightlessness. Furthermore, in the absence of gravity, subjects changed their strategy for producing ankle torque during spaceflight from a forward to a backward leaning posture.     

离散广义Markov跳变系统的镇定性

针对转移概率部分未知情况下的离散时间广义Markov跳变系统,研究了系统的稳定性和镇定性。转移概率部分未知的情况包含了转移概率完全已知和完全未知两种特殊情况,具有更广泛的实际意义。首先利用线性矩阵不等式方法,将离散Markov跳变系统的结论推广到离散广义Markov跳变系统,提出了使开环系统随机稳定的充分条件;在此基础上,进一步提出了闭环系统可镇定的判据,并表示为线性矩阵不等式形式;最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

大气探测激光雷达组网观测一致性研究

通过激光遥感获取气溶胶、云垂直分布情况,对研究气溶胶、云微物理特性、辐射强迫效应以及污染物传输等具有重大意义。在实际应用中激光雷达受激光器能量、发散角以及透过率等影响,会导致各雷达面对同一目标物探测数据不一致。随着地基大气探测激光雷达逐步规模化、标准化,对雷达组网观测一致性开展研究具有重要意义。为保证组网激光雷达数据高质量和高可靠性,在雷达系统自标定基础上,利用太阳光度计、大气分子模型获取激光雷达系统常数,确保各激光雷达回波信号定量可比。通过激光雷达组网观测进行探测目标一致性比对试验,以验证激光雷达系统探测一致性精度。结果表明：标定后,532 nm距离修正信号在1~2 km区间相对偏差从64.89%降低到22.16%,在2~5 km区间相对偏差从49.26%降低到8.90%,在9.5~11.5 km相对偏差从46.83%降低到10.91%;532 nm退偏比在1~2 km区间相对偏差从69.68%降低到20.68%,在2~5 km区间相对偏差从71.24%降低到6.69%,在9.5~11.5 km相对偏差从140.24%降低到9.02%;532 nm后向散射系数在1~2 km区间相对偏差从37.45%降低到23.63%,在2~5 km区间相对偏差从29.15%降低到21.45%,在9.5~11.5 km相对偏差从76.02%降低到24.16%。组网激光雷达数据结果一致性较好,可在多站点进行高精度探测,在气候变化研究、碳排放监测和环境研究等领域发挥重要作用,为大规模大气变化规律研究提供高质量、有效数据。     

Efficiency Estimation of Electrothermal Thrusters Use in the Control System of the Technological Spacecraft Motion

The influence of various control systems of the orbital motion of a technological spacecraft on the level of microacceleration of its internal environment is simulated. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of control systems with different actuators for realization of certain gravitationally sensitive processes onboard a spacecraft.     

How Operational Oceanography Can Benefit from Dynamic Topography Estimates as Derived from Altimetry and Improved Geoid

With a precise geoid, GOCE will allow an estimation of absolute dynamic topography from altimetry. The projected benefits to operational oceanography and its applications are analyzed herein. After a brief overview of operational oceanography, we explain how the new geoids will be used in the future to improve real time altimeter products and to better constrain modelling and data assimilation systems. A significant impact is expected both for mesoscale (e.g. better estimations and forecasts of currents for pollution monitoring, marine safety, offshore industry) and climate (better initialization of coupled ocean/atmosphere models) applications. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

组合式三相逆变器负载特性的分析与研究

分析了组合式三相逆变器,该逆变器三相分别独立控制,易实现功率器件的软开关、无输出变压器的三相四线制输出和模块化的结构;具体分析了影响该三相逆变器输出电压不平衡度的因素,讨论了其带对称与不对称负载的特性,着重分析了不对称负载对每个单相逆变器的影响,得到了组合式三相逆变器中单模块设计与普通单相逆变器的不同点,并给出了实验数据和相应波形。实验结果表明,组合式三相逆变器具有良好的带不平衡负载的能力和优良的电气性能。     

管流转捩对比态定律的讨论：层,紊流并存流态转捩现象

转捩对管内流动和换热有很大影响,Ｎ．Ｔ．Ｏｂｏｔ曾在总结归纳圆管、矩形管、三角形管和环形管实验结果的基础上提出对比态定律,并断言：对任意截面管道,只要知道临界摩擦因子和临界雷诺数,根据对比态定律,就可以计算其流动和平均换热特性。本文通过对复杂截面通道流动的研究,指出管流转捩的对比态定律只适用于单一流态管流,而不适用于层、紊流并存管流,文中还分析了层、紊流并存现象及其产生的原因,它的起始点和终止点的判定,以及流动和换热特性计算的处理方法。