CAS-1 lunar soil simulant

Lunar soil simulant is a geochemical reproduction of lunar regolith, and is needed for lunar science and engineering researches. This paper describes a new lunar soil simulant, CAS-1, prepared by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to support lunar orbiter, soft-landing mission and sample return missions of China’s Lunar Exploration Program, which is scheduled for 2004–2020. Such simulants should match the samples returned from the Moon, all collected from the lunar regolith rather than outcrops. The average mineral and chemical composition of lunar soil sample returned from the Apollo 14 mission, which landed on the Fra Mauro Formation, is chosen as the model for the CAS-1 simulant. Source material for this simulant was a low-Ti basaltic scoria dated at 1600 years from the late Quaternary volcanic area in the Changbai Mountains of northeast China. The main minerals of this rock are pyroxene, olivine, and minor plagioclase, and about 20–40% modal glass. The scoria was analyzed by XRF and found to be chemically similar to Apollo 14 lunar sample 14163. It was crushed in an impact mill with a resulting median particle size 85.9 μm, similar to Apollo soils. Bulk density, shear resistance, complex permittivity, and reflectance spectra were also similar to Apollo 14 soil. We conclude that CAS-1 is an ideal lunar soil simulant for science and engineering research of future lunar exploration program.     

Surface latent heat flux anomalies quasi-synchronous with ionospheric disturbances before the 2007 Pu’er earthquake in China

One of various mechanisms of pre-earthquake lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling as possible explanation of the seismo-ionospheric effects is connected with the release of latent heat. Abnormal variations of ionospheric electromagnetic parameters possibly related to the 2007 Ms 6.4 Pu’er earthquake in China were reported. This paper attempts to examine whether there were abnormal changes of surface latent heat flux (SLHF) linked with this pre-earthquake ionospheric disturbances. The spatio-temporal statistical analyzes of multi-years SLHF data from USA NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project reveal that local SLHF enhancements appeared 11, 10 and 7 days before the Pu’er earthquake, respectively. As contrasted to the formerly reported local ionospheric Ne enhancement 9 days before the shock observed by DEMETER satellite, it is discovered that the SLHF and Ne anomalies are quasi-synchronous and have good spatial correspondence with the epicentre and the local active faults. This is valuable for understanding the seismogenic coupling processes and for recognizing earthquake anomaly with multiple parameters from integrated Earth observation system.     

飞机背负任务系统后横侧气动特性及改进措施数值分析

采用数值模拟的方法分析了飞机背负任务系统后对横侧气动特性的影响,以及提出了平尾加端板的方式改善该情况下的横侧气动特性.在数值模拟过程中,控制方程为雷诺平均N-S方程,采用了基于非结构网格的有限体积方法.湍流模型采用了S-A方程模型.研究结果表明,飞机背负任务系统后会引起航向力矩系数在小侧滑角下变得较小而使得飞机出现横侧不稳定.为改善该类飞机的横侧特性,采用了平尾加端板的措施,数值结果表明,该措施能改善该类飞机的横侧不稳定性,使得飞机在背负任务系统后具有较好的横侧气动特性.     

晶闸管模型及其电路的计算机仿真

对电路进行计算机辅助分析和设计,其基础是根据电路元件的模型,编制程序输入计算机进行运算。晶闸管是功率电子电路中的主要器件,所以在进行功率电子电路的计算机辅助分析和设计时,必须建立晶闸管的模型。在众多的模型中,不是简单粗糙,就是网络太大,需要在大型计算机上计算。考虑到一个晶闸管可以看成由两个三极管组合而成,而一般通用电路分析程序都含有三极管模型,所以可用电路分析程序对含有晶闸管的功率电子电路进行计算机辅助分析,且可在PC机上进行。 模型的主要参数可根据晶闸管的主要参数求出,本文对Hu—Ki模型提出的计算公式进行了初步论证。利用得到的模型,在IBM—PC上进行仿真分析,结果与试验结果基本一致。