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111.
Classical bearings-only target-motion analysis (TMA) is restricted to sources with constant motion parameters (usually position and velocity). However, most interesting sources have maneuvering abilities, thus degrading the performance of classical TMA. In the passive sonar context a long-time source-observer encounter is realistic, so the source maneuver possibilities may be important in regard to the source and array baseline. This advocates for the consideration and modeling of the whole source trajectory including source maneuver uncertainty. With that aim, a convenient framework is the hidden Markov model (HMM). A basic idea consists of a two-levels discretization of the state-space. The probabilities of position transition are deduced from the probabilities of velocity transitions which, themselves, are directly related to the source maneuvering capability. The source state sequence estimation is achieved by means of classical dynamic programming (DP). This approach does not require any prior information relative to the source maneuvers. However, the probabilistic nature of the source trajectory confers a major role to the optimization of the observer maneuvers. This problem is then solved by using the general framework of the Markov decision process (MDP) 相似文献
112.
J O Kessler N A Hill R Strittmatter D Wiseley 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1998,21(8-9):1269-1275
Experiments and calculations on the trajectories of micron-sized spheres, suspended in a fluid that fills a dosed container which rotates about an axis perpendicular to g, relate to the planning and interpretation of clinostat experiments. For low Reynolds number motion, the orbits are nearly circular, the radius being inversely proportional to the rotation rate. The swimming direction of micro-organisms can be affected by light, gravity, vorticity etc. The trajectories of algae swimming in steadily rotating environments have been observed and compared with theoretical predictions for ideal gyrotactic micro-organisms, thus providing some insights into the mechanisms of gravitaxis, gyrotaxis and the behaviour of the cells. 相似文献
113.
Chikovani V.V. Yatsenko Yu.A. Barabashov A.S. Marusyk P.I. Umakhanov E.O. Taturin V.N. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2009,24(5):40-43
Metallic resonator Q-factor is very sensitive to the resonator's material, its thermal and chemical treatment, design, and environment; i.e., pressure and temperature. In order to obtain higher accuracy for CVG it is necessary to use resonator evacuation. Resonator mass plays a very important role in sensitivity to angle rate, in stability of vibration, in response to environmental condition changes, and also to external vibration and shock resistance. tnnalabs Holding Inc. uses a cylindrical resonator with increased rim thickness of up to 2 mmn and more. This concerns resonator material and design parameters selection, material thermal treatment to increase resonator Q-factor, and improved control algorithms in order to increase metallic CVG accuracy. As a result, CVG bias instability of 0.025 degth and random walk of 0.008 degvh for the resonator diameter 43 mmn, and 0.2 deg/h for the resonator diameter 25 mm were obtained. Future opportunities for Innalabs CVG is also discussed herein. Test results are presented for CVG43 and CVG25. Three-axis CVG unit under control of one DSP "Sharc" and IMU parameters are forecasted. 相似文献
114.
P. P. Pavlov R. S. Litvinenko M. N. Mubarakhin I. O. Yushin V. M. Nigmatullin 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2008,51(2):198-204
A technique for selecting a rational variant of a multifunctional aircraft system using the analytic hierarchy process is proposed and a solution of a practical problem is presented. 相似文献
115.
D. S. Ivanov N. A. Ivlev S. O. Karpenko M. Yu. Ovchinnikov D. S. Roldugin S. S. Tkachev 《Cosmic Research》2014,52(3):205-215
The attitude control system of the Chibis-M microsatellite is described. Results of flight experiments on damping the initial angular velocity (made using magnetorquers) are considered, as well as stabilization in the orbital referece frame, and orientation of solar arrays toward the Sun using reaction wheels. The operation of algorithms of satellite attitude determination on sunlit and shadow segments of the orbit is also under study. The general logic of operation of the attitude control system in automatic mode is presented and discussed. 相似文献
116.
An on-board mosaic sensor is staring down from a satellite to afixed point on the ground while collecting frames that contain targetsignatures and background noise. A dynamic programmingalgorithm (DPA) has been developed to optimally detect dim movingtargets that cross the sensor's field of view. The algorithm has beendescribed in Part I of this paper. Here, in Part II, we analyze thealgorithm performance and compare it with that of a simpleassembling of thresholded frames; the DPA's SNR performance isshown to be at least an order of magnitude better. 相似文献
117.
I I Gitelson A A Tikhomirov O V Parshina S A Ushakova G S Kalacheva 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2003,31(7):1781-1786
The effect of elevated temperatures of 35 and 45 degrees C (at the intensities of photosynthetically active radiation 322, 690 and 1104 micromoles m-2 s-1) on the photosynthesis, respiration, and qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles emitted by wheat (Triticum aestuvi L., cultivar 232) crops was investigated in growth chambers. Identification and quantification of more than 20 volatile compounds (terpenoids--alpha-pinene, delta 3 carene, limonene, benzene, alpha- and trans-caryophyllene, alpha- and gamma-terpinene, their derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) were conducted by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Under light intensity of 1104 micromoles m-2 s-1 heat resistance of photosynthesis and respiration increased at 35 degrees C and decreased at 45 degrees C. The action of elevated temperatures brought about variations in the rate and direction of the synthesis of volatile metabolites. The emission of volatile compounds was the greatest under a reduced irradiation of 322 micromoles m-2 s-1 and the smallest under 1104 micromoles m-2 s-1 at 35 degrees C. During the repair period, the contents and proportions of volatile compounds were different from their initial values, too. The degree of disruption and the following recovery of the functional state depended on the light intensity during the exposure to elevated temperatures. The investigation of the atmosphere of the growth chamber without plants has revealed the substances that were definitely technogenic in origin: tetramethylurea, dimethylsulfide, dibutylsulfide, dibutylphthalate, and a number of components of furan and silane nature. 相似文献
118.
Probing the first stars and black holes in the early Universe with the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jack O. Burns J. Lazio S. Bale J. Bowman R. Bradley C. Carilli S. Furlanetto G. Harker A. Loeb J. Pritchard 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
A concept for a new space-based cosmology mission called the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) is presented in this paper. DARE’s science objectives include: (1) When did the first stars form? (2) When did the first accreting black holes form? (3) When did Reionization begin? (4) What surprises does the end of the Dark Ages hold (e.g., Dark Matter decay)? DARE will use the highly-redshifted hyperfine 21-cm transition from neutral hydrogen to track the formation of the first luminous objects by their impact on the intergalactic medium during the end of the Dark Ages and during Cosmic Dawn (redshifts z = 11–35). It will measure the sky-averaged spin temperature of neutral hydrogen at the unexplored epoch 80–420 million years after the Big Bang, providing the first evidence of the earliest stars and galaxies to illuminate the cosmos and testing our models of galaxy formation. DARE’s approach is to measure the expected spectral features in the sky-averaged, redshifted 21-cm signal over a radio bandpass of 40–120 MHz. DARE orbits the Moon for a mission lifetime of 3 years and takes data above the lunar farside, the only location in the inner solar system proven to be free of human-generated radio frequency interference and any significant ionosphere. The science instrument is composed of a low frequency radiometer, including electrically-short, tapered, bi-conical dipole antennas, a receiver, and a digital spectrometer. The smooth frequency response of the antennas and the differential spectral calibration approach using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique will be applied to detect the weak cosmic 21-cm signal in the presence of the intense solar system and Galactic foreground emissions. 相似文献
119.
F. Dalla Vedova H. Henrion M. Leipold Th. Girot R. Vaudemont Th. Belmonte K. Fleury O. Le Couls 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
SSM (Solar Sail Materials) is an on-going project for the European Space Agency (ESA) relying on past and recent European solar sail design projects. It aims at developing and testing future technologies suitable for large, operational solar sailcrafts. 相似文献
120.
N. Novikova O. Gusev N. Polikarpov E. Deshevaya M. Levinskikh V. Alekseev T. Okuda M. Sugimoto V. Sychev А. Grigoriev 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(9-10):1574-1580
The RF SRC—Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, developed Biorisk hardware to study the effects of long-term exposure of dormant forms of various organisms to outer space and used it to complete a series of experiments on the Russian Module (RM) of the International Space Station (ISS).The experiments were performed using prokaryotes (Bacillus bacteria) and eukaryotes (Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium fungi), as well as spores, dormant forms of higher plants, insects, lower crustaceans, and vertebrates. The biological samples were housed in two containers that were exposed to outer space for 13 or 18 months. The results of the 18-month experiment showed that, in spite of harsher temperature than in the first study, most specimens remained viable.These experiments provided evidence that not only bacterial and fungal spores but also dormant forms of organisms that reached higher levels of evolutionary development had the capability to survive a long-term exposure to outer space. This observation suggests that they can be transferred on outer walls of space platforms during interplanetary missions. 相似文献