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261.
Knox S. Long 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(9):177-188
An extensive program to study nearby normal galaxies was carried out by various observers using the imaging instruments on the Observatory; more than 50 such galaxies were detected with 0.5 – 3.0 keV luminosities ranging from 2 × 1038 ergs s?1 to 3 × 1041ergs s?1. The X-ray luminosity of normal galaxies is ~2 × 10?4 of the optical luminosity and shows no strong correlation with morphological type. For the nearest galaxies, (the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, M31 and M33,) studies, performed with the Observatory, were comparable to the survey of the Galaxy. Approximately 30 new SNR were recognized in the Magellanic Clouds as a result. Over 90 sources were detected in M31 of which at least 20 are identified with globular cluster. The numbers of luminous (>1037 ergs s?1) sources detected in the nearest galaxies per unit mass are similar to that found in our own galaxy. Individual X-ray sources in the arms of nearby spirals can be very luminous; seven with luminosities in excess of 1039ergs s?1 have been discovered. The nuclei of some, but not all, normal galaxies are luminous X-ray sources; X-ray activity is not presently predictable from the radio or optical properties of the nucleus. 相似文献
262.
S.A. Bowhill 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1981,1(11):13-16
During the Middle Atmosphere Program, 1982–1985, balloons will play a central role in gathering stratospheric, chemical, and dynamical data. This paper discusses some of the unique aspects of balloons as tools for probing the middle atmosphere, and suggests some directions for future projects and enhanced capabilities that would improve their utility in future investigations. 相似文献
263.
V. N. Oraevsky Yu. Ya. Ruzhin V. G. Korobeinikov A. S. Volokitin V. S. Skomarovsky 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(12):131-134
The paper presents the results and discussion of VLF wave measurements carried out in the course of two rocket experiments on injection of a dense cesium ion beam into the ionosphere at the heights of 165–240 km. The injection was accompanied by enhancement of the broad-band noise by several orders of magnitude. The wave measurements in the frequency range of 1–11 kHz revealed two pronounced frequencies somewhat exceeding that of the lower-hybrid resonance oscillations in the background plasma and the cesium beam. The oscillations were modulated by frequencies close to the ion-cyclotron frequencies of the background plasma. 相似文献
264.
S.G. Ungar S.N. Goward 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1983,3(2):291-295
Improvements in crop discrimination can be realized by using mid-IR bands (1.55–1.75 μm and 2.08–2.35 μm) which are sensitive to canopy moisture content. Analyses of data from two growing seasons in Webster County, Iowa clearly indicate that corn and soybeans are highly separable in the mid-IR from early season through harvest. This contrasts sharply with visible and near-IR bands where corn and soybeans are confused throughout much of the growing season. The mid-IR temporal reflectance behavior appears to result from differences between C4 monocot and C3 dicot internal leaf structure. If this hypothesis holds, mid-IR observations should improve discrimination in other instances where similar differences in internal leaf structure are present. 相似文献
265.
H. Taylor P. Cloutier M. Dryer S. Suess A. Barnes R. Wolff A. Stern 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(7):343-346
During the summer of 1979, solar coronal structure was such that a sequence of recurrent regions produced a corresponding sequence of corotating solar wind streams, with pronounced downstream signatures. One of these stream events passed Earth on July 3, and was observed later at Venus late on July 11th, with similar characteristics. Corresponding in-situ measurements at Earth from the Atmospheric Explorer-E satellite and at Venus from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter are examined for evidence of comparable perturbations of the planetary ionospheres. The passage of the stream shock front is found to be associated with pronounced fluctuations in n(0+) which appear as pronounced local depletion of ion concentrations in both ionospheres. The ionosphere disturbances appear to be closely associated with large variations in the solar wind momentum flux. The implied local ionospheric depletions observed at each planet are interpreted to be the consequence of plasma redistribution, rather than actual depletions of plasma. 相似文献
266.
T. Natarajan Y.S. Rajan 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(11):31-34
The paper deals with the Indian experience in training the resources scientists in the fast developing field of remote sensing and the facilities available for obtaining such training in India. The necessity of imparting training to the scientists at different levels is brought out. An outline of the training curriculum of a leading institution is described in some detail. 相似文献
267.
G. Stanev M. Petrunova D. Teodosiev I. Kutiev K. Serafimov S. Chapkunov V. Chmyrev N. Isaev P. Puschaev I. Pimenov S. Bilichanko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(7):43-47
The instrument IESP-IPMP represents the complex unit measuring the vector of the DC electric field, the vectors of the electric and magnetic field in the frequency range of 0.2 – 6.5 Hz (wave form), autocorrelation functions of waves with frequencies of 0.1 – 5 kHz, and wave amplitudes in 8 bandpass channels. Some results are shown and compared in the various frequency ranges. 相似文献
268.
H.S. Hudson 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(4):307-314
The Pinhole/Occulter Facility concept uses a remote occulting mask to provide high resolution observations of the solar corona and of astronomical X-ray sources. With coded-aperture and Fourier-transform techniques, the Pinhole/Occulter makes images at a resolution of 0.2 arc sec for 2 - 120 keV X-rays, using a 50-m boom erected from the payload bay of the Space Shuttle or mounted on a free-flying platform. The remote occulter also creates a large shadow area for solar coronal observations; the Pinhole/Occulter concept includes separate optical and ultraviolet telescopes with 50-cm apertures. These large telescopes will provide a new order of resolution and sensitivity for diagnostic observations of faint structures in the solar corona. The Pinhole/Occulter is a powerful and versatile tool for general-purpose X-ray astronomy, with excellent performance in a broad spectral band complementary to that accessible with AXAF. The large collecting area of 1.5 m2 results in a 5σ detection threshold of about 0.02 μJy for the 2 - 10 keV band, or about 10?5 ph(cm2sec keV)?1 at 20 keV. 相似文献
269.
270.
R.B. Stoltzfus S.A. Bowhill L.G. Smith 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(6):143-146
The Langmuir-probe technique for measurement of electron concentration in the mesosphere is capable of excellent altitude resolution, of order 1 m. Measurements from nine rocket flights frequently show small-scale ionization structures in the altitude region 60–90 km. These are believed to be identical with regions of strong coherent backscatter seem by VHF radars at Jicamarca, Peru and Urbana, Illinois. They are believed to represent intermittent turbulence attributable to nonlinear interaction of waves in the mesosphere. Parameters of the turbulent regions are estimated. 相似文献