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831.
Arthur C. Clarke 《Space Policy》1986,2(2)
Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev, in his January 1986 speech, expressed a hope that the level of nuclear weapons would before long be greatly reduced. The Soviet Embassy in Sri Lanka invited Arthur C. Clarke to comment on the General Secretary's speech. This article is his response. 相似文献
832.
Gilbert W. Keyes 《Space Policy》1986,2(2)
This article presents the views of the Boeing company on the benefits and disadvantages of international participation in the space station. The author outlines the company's goals within the project, and makes some recommendations on how to reduce the concerns which arise from international cooperation, in order to maximize the benefits which could be achieved. 相似文献
833.
M. Mowthorpe 《Space Policy》2002,18(1)
This article uses space power theory to analyse the military space policy of the United States during the Cold War period up to the demise of the Soviet Union. It examines the consensus that emerged during this period which sought to prevent the weaponization of space. This consensus was called into question during the latter period with the announcement of the Strategic Defence Initiative and its subsequent orientation to Global Protection Against Limited Strikes system. 相似文献
834.
Des Marais DJ Harwit MO Jucks KW Kasting JF Lin DN Lunine JI Schneider J Seager S Traub WA Woolf NJ 《Astrobiology》2002,2(2):153-181
The major goals of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and the European Space Agency's Darwin missions are to detect terrestrial-sized extrasolar planets directly and to seek spectroscopic evidence of habitable conditions and life. Here we recommend wavelength ranges and spectral features for these missions. We assess known spectroscopic molecular band features of Earth, Venus, and Mars in the context of putative extrasolar analogs. The preferred wavelength ranges are 7-25 microns in the mid-IR and 0.5 to approximately 1.1 microns in the visible to near-IR. Detection of O2 or its photolytic product O3 merits highest priority. Liquid H2O is not a bioindicator, but it is considered essential to life. Substantial CO2 indicates an atmosphere and oxidation state typical of a terrestrial planet. Abundant CH4 might require a biological source, yet abundant CH4 also can arise from a crust and upper mantle more reduced than that of Earth. The range of characteristics of extrasolar rocky planets might far exceed that of the Solar System. Planetary size and mass are very important indicators of habitability and can be estimated in the mid-IR and potentially also in the visible to near-IR. Additional spectroscopic features merit study, for example, features created by other biosignature compounds in the atmosphere or on the surface and features due to Rayleigh scattering. In summary, we find that both the mid-IR and the visible to near-IR wavelength ranges offer valuable information regarding biosignatures and planetary properties; therefore both merit serious scientific consideration for TPF and Darwin. 相似文献
835.
燃气蒸汽式发射系统内弹道若干问题研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对燃气蒸汽式发射动力系统的研究,总结出影响内弹道计算精度的若干因素,并就其中几个影响较大的问题进行了详细的分析,开发研制出了一套用于预估内弹道性能的系统化程序。通过实验数据的比较,验证了适用于内弹道计算的数学物理模型,为燃气蒸汽式发射系统设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
836.
针对固体火箭发动机药柱存在裂纹的情况,对运动激波在狭缝中绕射传播的非定常流场进行了计算,得到了清晰的流场变化图谱,从流场图中可分辨出激波在狭缝中的传播过程。对不同深宽比的狭缝进行研究,发现流场结构存在明显差别,在深宽比较小时狭缝内压力波振荡较小,当深宽比超过一定值时狭缝内的压力波产生剧烈振荡。研究结果表明,该方法可很好地描述激波在狭缝中的传播过程。 相似文献
837.
838.
839.
UN-affiliated regional centres for space science and technology education are being established or are in operation in Africa (Morocco, Nigeria), Asia and the Pacific (India), Latin America and the Caribbean (Brazil, Mexico), and Western Asia (Jordan). Education curricula at the university level, embracing remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite meteorology, and space science have been developed for these centres. This article briefly reports on the structure of the most recent updated education curricula in the four disciplines that have been made available for implementation in 2002 and 2003, in the six official languages of the United Nations. This is also an effort to bridge the gap between such education curricula as they vary significantly between nations and among educational institutions in nations. 相似文献
840.
Bacterial spores have been used as model systems for studying the theory of interplanetary transport of life by natural processes such as asteroidal or cometary impacts (i.e., lithopanspermia). Because current spallation theory predicts that near-surface rocks are ideal candidates for planetary ejection and surface basalts are widely distributed throughout the rocky planets, we isolated spore-forming bacteria from the interior of near-subsurface basalt rocks collected in the Sonoran desert near Tucson, Arizona. Spores were found to inhabit basalt at very low concentrations (=28 colony-forming units/g) in these samples. Six isolates identified as being most closely related to Bacillus pumilus and one Bacillus subtilis isolate were recovered from near-subsurface basalt samples. Populations of purified spores prepared from the isolated strains were subjected to 254-nm UV and ballistics tests in order to assess their resistance to UV radiation and to extreme acceleration shock, two proposed lethal factors for spores during interplanetary transfer. Specific natural isolates of B. pumilus were found to be substantially more resistant to UV and extreme acceleration than were reference laboratory strains of B. subtilis, the benchmark organism, suggesting that spores of environmental B. pumilus isolates may be more likely to survive the rigors of interplanetary transfer. 相似文献