电磁辅助激光熔化沉积的残余应力

针对激光熔化沉积内部残余应力较大的问题,对其产生的机理作了分析。基于电磁场的应用原理,提出电磁辅助激光熔化沉积以降低其残余应力的方法。利用ANSYS参数化编程语言APDL模拟了电磁辅助激光熔化沉积的过程,分析了成形件残余应力的变化规律,结果表明同步加载轴向电磁力能较好地消减成形件内部残余应力。采用X射线衍射结合电解腐蚀的方法进行深度方向的残余应力测量试验,试验结果验证了电磁辅助的有效性。     

Estimation of plasma density from wave data of cold electron plasma

Based on the dispersion relation of electron plasma, one can expect, that the waves excited in the frequency band (f_p, f_u=sqrt(f_p^*f_p+f_c^*f_c)) should persist in experimental spectra. For wave data from a spacecraft immersed in a cold plasma such an assumption may be misleading. In measurements performed on board the INTERCOSMOS-19, ACTIVE, APEX satellites and VC36.064CE rocket the most prominent spectral structure is centered around frequency f_r fulfilling the relation f_crp and corresponds to resonant detection of Bernstein waves excited in the surrounding plasma by spacecraft systems. Input network mismatch at frequencies around fu significantly depresses natural plasma noise as well as that excited by the spacecraft. Plasma emissions in the band (f_p, f_u) are prominent if the electromagnetic excitation is preferential (topside sounders) or if the excitation introduces nonequilibrium components into the plasma e.g. particle beams or clouds. Experimental examples are presented and parameters of cold plasma spectra useful for electron density estimation are discussed. The application to other spacecraft-cold plasma configurations is suggested.     

Optical Processing Techniques for Simultaneous Pulse Compression and Beam Sharpening

A technique is described in which the separate techniques of beam sharpening (by synthetic antenna methods) and pulse compression are converted into a single two-dimensional operation, which is carried out with a coherent optical processor.     

Statistical analysis for rotational motion of a light descent capsule under deployment of a space cable system

The results of the statistical analysis for the rotational motion of a light descent capsule under deployment of the orbital cable system are presented. At mathematical simulation a cable is considered to be a weightless inextensible mechanical linkage. The cable is deployed according to the predetermined law. The basic spacecraft is oriented along the local geovertical by means of its own stabilization system. The simulation is carried out by the statistical testing method. The motion characteristics being studied include: modulus of the capsule angular velocity and the nutation angle at the final point of the cable deployment.     

Spore dosimetry of solar UV radiation: applications to monitoring of daily irradiance and personal exposure.

Environmental UV radiation can be quantified using spore dosimetry, which measures the inactivation of repair-deficient Bacillus subtilis spores dried on a membrane filter. The system exhibits highly selective sensitivity to UV radiation, not being affected by various environmental adversities, such as high and low temperature and humidity. Biologically-effective dose rate and cumulative dose of ambient radiation are measurable under various conditions at various places on the earth, including tropical, temperate, and polar sites. Applications to monitor the exposure at the surface of organisms including humans and plants have also been advanced.     

On bandwidth of solar subsecond bursts in cm-range

The goal is to study parameters of drifting type III bursts, and find out the emission mechanism of these bursts and understand what factors affect instantaneous spectral bandwidth of these bursts.     

Sulfur “concrete” for lunar applications – Sublimation concerns

Melting sulfur and mixing it with an aggregate to form “concrete” is commercially well established and constitutes a material that is particularly well-suited for use in corrosive environments. Discovery of the mineral troilite (FeS) on the moon poses the question of extracting the sulfur for use as a lunar construction material. This would be an attractive alternative to conventional concrete as it does not require water. However, the viability of sulfur concrete in a lunar environment, which is characterized by lack of an atmosphere and extreme temperatures, is not well understood. Here it is assumed that the lunar ore can be mined, refined, and the raw sulfur melded with appropriate lunar regolith to form, for example, bricks. This study evaluates pure sulfur and two sets of small sulfur concrete samples that have been prepared using JSC-1 lunar stimulant and SiO₂ powder as aggregate additions. Each set was subjected to extended periods in a vacuum environment to evaluate sublimation issues. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed within the context of the lunar environment.     

Destructive Testing Uses VXI Fiber Optics for Data Acquisition

VXIbus is an ideal standard for instrumentation associated with developmental test systems used by industrial applications due to its adaptability, accuracy, and responsiveness. This application note is one such example of a VXI solution for a worldwide leader in commercial property and risk management that operates a destructive test facility to analyze the results of disasters predominantly caused by fire. The company implemented a re-configurable 2,400 channel test system based on Kinetic Systems' VXI modules that used a fiber optic ring to synchronize multiple chassis and multiple channels. Technical details of the VXI implementation and results will be discussed     

Influence of gravity on the photomorphism of secondary moss protonemata

In dark-grown plantlets of the moss, Pottia intermedia, negatively gravitropic secondary protonemata differentiate from the superficial cells of leafy shoots. When transferred to the light, distal parts of the protonemata nearest to the apical cells begin to ramify and the apical cells of the side branches as well as of the main protonemal filaments often differentiate as buds. Dark-grown protonemata were oriented horizontally and illuminated from below with white light of different intensities. Only light with an intensity of 4.5 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ was sufficient to induce: (a) phototropism in the apical cells, (b) light-directed initiation of branch primordia, and (c) directed growth of side branches and bud differentiation. Apical cells illuminated with light of lower (0.03–0.37 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹) intensity grew upwards (i.e., away from the light). It was shown that this upward growth was determined by the action of gravity. Although initiation of branch primordia was only slightly affected, their growth was strongly stimulated on the upper side of the protonemata.     

A role of cytoskeletal structure of cortical cells in the gravity-regulated formation of a peg in cucumber seedlings.

Seedlings of cucurbitaceous plants develop a protuberant tissue, or peg, on the lower side of the transition region between root and hypocotyl when germinated in a horizontal position. Peg develops due to a change in growth polarity of the cortical cells. We have examined the role of the cytoskeletal structure in peg formation of cucumber seedlings. We observed that in both peg and normal cortical cells of 36 h-old seedlings the microtubules (MTs) were arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the elongating cells. Application of colchicine perturbed the MTs structure and inhibited the formation of pegs. In 20 h-old seedlings, MTs in cortical cells destined to be a peg tissue had no preferential organization, whereas MTs in normal cortical cells were transversely oriented. After 24 h, the MTs in future peg cells were arranged similar to those of 36 h-old seedlings, although the initiation of peg tissue was not yet visible. These results suggest that reorganization of MTs is required for peg formation and causes the change in growth polarity of the cortical cells.