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771.
S. Biswas N. Durgaprasad Banashree Mitra R. K. Singh M. N. Vahia A. Dutta J. N. Goswami 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1989,9(12):25-28
Relative abundances of sub-iron (Sc-Cr) to iron nuclei in low energy (50–100 MeV/N) galactic cosmic rays have been determined from an analysis of about 100 events of heavy ions (Z = 10−28) recorded in a detector assembly flown in the Anuradha cosmic ray experiment in the Spacelab-3 on a six day mission in April–May 1985. The measured abundance ratio of (Sc-Cr)/Fe nuclei in 50–100 MeV/N energy range is 1.1 ± 0.3, and the present result of enhanced ratio of sub-iron to iron nuclei is in agreement with other experimental results in 200–800 MeV/N range. The over-abundance of iron secondaries at these low energies cannot be explained in the conventional models for propagation of cosmic rays. Available experimental data indicate a very different time history for the low energy iron-group, as compared to those of lighter nuclei in galactic cosmic rays. 相似文献
772.
F K Gmünder R N Suter M Kiess R Urfer A Nordau C-GCogoli 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1989,9(11):119-127
Equipment used in space for the cultivation of mammalian cells does not meet the usual standard of earth bound bioreactors. Thus, the development of a space worthy bioreactor is mandatory for two reasons: First, to investigate the effect on single cells of the space environment in general and microgravity conditions in particular, and second, to provide researchers on long term missions and the Space Station with cell material. However, expertise for this venture is not at hand. A small and simple device for animal cell culture experiments aboard Spacelab (Dynamic Cell Culture System; DCCS) was developed. It provides 2 cell culture chambers, one is operated as a batch system, the other one as a perfusion system. The cell chambers have a volume of 200 microliters. Medium exchange is achieved with an automatic osmotic pump. The system is neither mechanically stirred nor equipped with sensors. Oxygen for cell growth is provided by a gas chamber that is adjacent to the cell chambers. The oxygen gradient produced by the growing cells serves to maintain the oxygen influx by diffusion. Hamster kidney cells growing on microcarriers were used to test the biological performance of the DCCS. On ground tests suggest that this system is feasible. 相似文献
773.
Ultrastructural and growth indices of Chlorella culture in multicomponent aquatic systems under space flight conditions. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A F Popova K M Sytnik E L Kordyum G I Meleshko V N Sychev M A Levinskykh 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1989,9(11):79-82
Submicroscopic organization of Chlorella cells cultivated under space flight conditions in three-component aquatic system has been studied. Comparison of the experimental cells with that of the controls revealed certain rearrangements of cell organelles particularly, a reduction in the amount of reserve polysaccharides in chloroplasts, increase of cell vacuolization and mitochondrion volume, complication configuration of plasmalemma evaginations and invaginations, and also disturbances in the process of cytokinesis. More over an increase in the number of Chlorella cells infected by bacteria was shown in the experimental variant. No considerable differences were established in the growth characteristics of the experimental and control populations. A comparative cytological analysis revealed general regularities of organelles in Chlorella cells cultivated under space flight condition in the uni- and multicomponent systems. 相似文献
774.
N Desai M Durante Z W Lin F Cucinotta H Wu 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,35(2):236-242
We investigated the spatial distribution of the induction of the phosphorylated form of the histone protein H2AX (gamma-H2AX), known to be activated by DSBs. Following irradiation of human fibroblast cells with 600 MeV/nucleon silicon and 600 MeV/nucleon iron ions we observed the formation of gamma-H2AX aggregates in the shape of streaks stretching over several micrometers in an x/y plane. Polyethylene shielding was used to achieve a Bragg curve distribution with beam geometry parallel to the monolayer of cells. We present data that highlights the formation of immunofluorescent gamma-H2AX tracks showing the ion trajectories across the Bragg peak of irradiated human fibroblast cells. Qualitative analyses of these distributions indicated potentially increased clustering of DNA damage before the Bragg peak, enhanced gamma-H2AX distribution at the peak, and provided visual evidence of high-linear energy transfer particle traversal of cells beyond the Bragg peak in agreement with one-dimensional transport approximations. Spatial assessment of gamma-H2AX fluorescence may provide direct insights into DNA damage across the Bragg curve for high charge and energy ions including the biological consequences of shielding and possible contributors to bystander effects. 相似文献
775.
L.S. Novikov V.N. MileevK.K. Krupnikov A.A. MakletsovB.V. Marjin M.O. RjazantsevaV.V. Sinolits N.A. Vlasova 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
The results of magnetospheric plasma fluxes measurement in geosynchronous orbit are presented. The measurements were done onboard the geosynchronous Russian “Electro” spacecraft (SC) in 1995–1997 years. The diurnal variations of the plasma density and temperature were observed at various levels of geomagnetic activity. 相似文献
776.
The results of numerical simulation for the diffusion processes “powder gases-steel” occurring in the barrel of a quick-firing small-caliber gun are presented. 相似文献
777.
The possibility of using the statistics of recurrence time for extreme events is studied in this paper having in mind the
problems of control and prediction of failures in spacecraft operation. The information about failures onboard satellites
of various types presented by the US National Geophysical Data Center was analyzed. It was found that the probability density
of recurrence intervals followed a power law of the Pareto type with an index equal to 2.3. The obtained result is consistent
both with the theory of normal catastrophes and with the principle of self-organization of criticality for metastable active
heterogeneous environment. A practical consequence of the obtained result consists in the fact that predictions of these extreme
events should not rely on traditional models with the second-order Pearson statistics. To make predictions, the models are
necessary that take into account the power law distribution of recurrence intervals for failures on satellites. The failures
should be considered in these models as extreme events connected with manifestation of the space environment factors. 相似文献
778.
S. N. Walker M. A. Balikhin I. Bates R. Huff 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2002,30(12):2815-2820
High order spectral techniques are one of the most powerful tools for the identification of non-linear processes in space plasma turbulence. Without such tools it is impossible to determine, for example, the occurrence of non-linear interactions between spectral components. However, since the observations made by an instrument involve some internal processing, it is possible that non-linearities may arise from within the instrument itself rather than in the plasma. The possibility of such effects are investigated using data resulting from tests carried out using the Cluster Wideband electric field instrument. 相似文献
779.
780.
V N Sychev E Y Shepelev G I Meleshko T S Gurieva M A Levinskikh I G Podolsky O A Dadasheva V V Popov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2001,27(9):1529-1534
Since 1990, the orbital complex MIR has witnessed several incubator experiments for determination of spaceflight effects on embryogenesis of Japanese quail. First viable chicks who had completed the whole embryological cycle in MIR microgravity hatched out in 1990; it became clear that newborns would not be able to adapt to microgravity unaided. There were 8 successful incubations of chicks in the period from 1990 to 1999. In 1995-1997 the MIR-NASA space science program united Russian and US investigators. As a result, experiments Greenhouse-1 and 2 were performed with an effort to grow super dwarf wheat from seed to seed, and experiment Greenhouse-3 aimed at receiving two successive generations of Brassica rapa. But results of these experiments could not be used for definitive conclusions concerning effects of spaceflight on plant ontogenesis and, therefore, experiments Greenhouse-4 and 5 were staged within the framework of the Russian national space program. The experiments finally yielded wheat seeds. Some of the seeds was left on the space station and, being planted, gave viable seedlings which, in their turn, produced the second crop of space seeds. 相似文献