Characteristics of the seasonal variation of the global tropopause revealed by COSMIC/GPS data

Using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation observations from Formosa Satellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) from 2007 to 2012, the climatological characteristics of the global tropopause was studied, with the following features identified. The overall results generally agree with previous studies. The tropopause has an obvious zonal structure, with more zonal characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere than the Northern Hemisphere. The vertical shape of the tropopause is sharp in the tropics and broad in the sub-tropical latitudes, with the sharpest latitudinal gradient in the mid-latitudes of both hemispheres. The global tropopause exists in a large range between 8 km and 17 km (or between 100 hPa and 340 hPa). The highest tropopause is over the South Asian monsoon regions for the entire year. The spatial structure of the tropopause in the polar region is of concentric structure, with an altitude between 7.5 km and 10 km. It is more symmetric in the Antarctic than the Arctic. Differing from other places, the height of the tropopause in the Antarctic is higher in winter as opposed to summer. The tropopause has distinct seasonal variability, especially in polar regions.     

The influence of orbital maneuver on autonomous orbit determination of an extended satellite navigation constellation

The right ascension of the ascending node is unobservable if only the inter-satellite ranging is used for autonomous orbit determination (AOD) of an Earth navigation constellation. However, if an Earth-Moon libration point satellite is added to the Earth navigation constellation to construct an extended navigation constellation, all the orbital elements can be determined with only the inter-satellite ranging. Furthermore, the extended navigation constellation can provide navigation information for interplanetary probes. For such an extended navigation constellation, orbital control needs to be considered due to the instability of the libration-point satellite orbit. This study concerns the influence of satellite orbital maneuver on the AOD of the extended navigation constellation. An AOD method under orbital maneuver is proposed. A low thrust controller is designed to achieve libration point satellite autonomous orbit maintenance by using AOD results. A navigation constellation consisting of three GPS satellites and one libration point satellite are designed for simulation. The simulation results show that libration point satellites can achieve autonomous navigation and autonomous orbit maintenance by only using inter-satellite ranging information. The rotation drift error of the Earth navigation constellation is also suppressed.     

Attitude stability and periodic attitudes of rigid spacecrafts on the stationary orbits around asteroid 216 Kleopatra

In this work, equilibrium attitude configurations, attitude stability and periodic attitude families are investigated for rigid spacecrafts moving on stationary orbits around asteroid 216 Kleopatra. The polyhedral approach is adopted to formulate the equations of rotational motion. In this dynamical model, six equilibrium attitude configurations with non-zero Euler angles are identified for a spacecraft moving on each stationary orbit. Then the linearized equations of attitude motion at equilibrium attitudes are derived. Based on the linear system, the necessary conditions of stability of equilibrium attitudes are provided, and stability domains on the spacecraft’s characteristic plane are obtained. It is found that the stability domains are distributed in the first and third quadrants of the characteristic plane and the stability domain in the third quadrant is separated into two regions by an unstable belt. Subsequently, we present the linear solution around a stable equilibrium attitude point, indicating that there are three types of elemental periodic attitudes. By means of numerical approaches, three fundamental families of periodic solutions are determined in the full attitude model.     

低本底α、β测量仪效率校准研究

简述了低本底α、β测量仪效率校准的基本原理,研究了自吸收和面积与探测效率的关系,评定了效率校准中的不确定度,并分析了效率在α、β样品测量中的应用。     

航空工业企业架构构建方法研究

重点介绍了航空工业企业架构研究的方法体系及研究内容,并重点描述了航空工业业务架构的构建方法,用以提炼航空工业先进业务运作流程、手段与方法,确定了研究推进路线,并进行了成果验证,研究成果对推进航空工业通用业务模式的总结、表达及信息化通用参考模型的设计,信息系统的开发、实施具有指导意义。     

A new inversion method of plasma density distribution of plasmasphere in the geomagnetic equatorial plane from IMAGE data

The plasma density distribution of plasmasphere in the geomagnetic equatorial plane can help us study the magnetosphere like plasmasphere, ionosphere and their kinetics. In this paper, we introduce a new inversion method, GE-ART, to calculate the plasma density distribution in the geomagnetic equatorial plane from the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) data of IMAGE satellite under the assumption that the plasma density is constant along each geomagnetic field line. The new GE-ART algorithm was derived from the traditional Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) in Computed Tomography (CT) which was different from the several existing methods. In this new method, each value of the EUV image data was back-projected evenly to the geomagnetic field lines intersected by this EUV sight. A 3-D inversion matrix was produced by the contributions of all the voxels contained in the plasmasphere covered by the EUV sensor. That is, we considered that each value of the EUV image data was relative to the plasma densities of all the voxels passed through by the corresponding EUV radiation, which is the biggest difference to all the existing inversion methods. Finally, the GE-ART algorithm was evaluated by the real EUV data from the IMAGE satellite.     

基于改进HHT的一体化电液作动器故障诊断

介绍了机载变排量变转速一体化电动静液作动器(EHA-VPVM,Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator with Variable Pump displacement and Variable Motor speed)的系统结构,根据EHA-VPVM早期故障信号非平稳、时变等特点,采用一种新的时频分析方法希尔伯特黄变换(HHT,Hilbert-Huang Transform)进行信号分析.针对HHT方法的模态混叠和虚假本征模态函数问题,提出两点改进:通过集合经验模式分解算法抑制模态混叠的发生;采用相关系数法保留真实本征模态函数.对EHA-VPVM工程样机进行早期故障诊断实验,用Hilbert边际谱和HHT谱分析永磁无刷直流电机两种工作状态下的振动信号.实验结果表明:改进HHT方法较好解决了HHT的模态混叠和虚假本征模态函数问题,能准确提取研究对象的早期故障特征,对EHA-VPVM早期故障具有良好的诊断效果.     

UNCOPUOS 50 years on: Assessing current dynamics and exploring its future role

UNCOPUOS recently celebrated its 50th anniversary and has a range of achievements to show for it. But it is now very different – in both type and number of members – from the organization established at the start of the Cold War and needs to consider its future direction. An obvious topic to pursue is the long-term sustainability (LTS) of space activities, which, after some false starts, has now been adopted. One Working, and Four Expert, Groups have been set up to examine different aspects of the subject, though care must be taken to ensure that these are properly integrated into a multidisciplinary framework. Despite valid objections that LTS could be used to deny access to space to latecomers to the club, it is important to proceed with LTS while taking account of delegations' concerns.     

三自由度并联机床驱动分支动力学分析

动力学分析对于并联机床的设计有着重要的意义,本文应用有限元软件ANSYS,针对一种三自由度并联机床,建立了并联机床驱动分支的有限元模型,并对其进行了模态分析,分别获得了相应的5阶固有频率及其对应的振型图,其结果可以作为并联机床整机模态分析的重要参考。     

Terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy: a potential approach to the in situ detection of life's metabolic and genetic machinery

We propose a terahertz (far-infrared) circular dichroism-based life-detection technology that may provide a universal and unequivocal spectroscopic signature of living systems regardless of their genesis. We argue that, irrespective of the specifics of their chemistry, all life forms will employ well-structured, chiral, stereochemically pure macromolecules (>500 atoms) as the catalysts with which they perform their metabolic and replicative functions. We also argue that nearly all such macromolecules will absorb strongly at terahertz frequencies and exhibit significant circular dichroism, and that this circular dichroism unambiguously distinguishes biological from abiological materials. Lastly, we describe several approaches to the fabrication of a terahertz circular dichroism spectrometer and provide preliminary experimental indications of their feasibility. Because terahertz circular dichroism signals arise from the molecular machinery necessary to carry out life's metabolic and genetic processes, this life-detection method differs fundamentally from more well-established approaches based on the detection of isotopic fractionation, "signature" carbon compounds, disequilibria, or other by-products of metabolism. Moreover, terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy detects this machinery in a manner that makes few, if any, assumptions as to its chemical nature or the processes that it performs.