两点法测量直线度中传感器对齐误差的探讨

针对以往关于两点法测量直线度的文献中要求两传感器端部严格对齐的问题,进行了数学分析和计算机仿真,证明对齐误差并不影响最后的误差分离准确度,同时可在一定程度上降低对传感器安装误差的要求。     

Development of thermal sensors and drilling systems for lunar and planetary regoliths

We consider some novel concepts for thermal properties experiments aboard lunar landers or rovers, that may lead to an improved understanding of both the structure of the lunar near surface layers and the lunar thermal history. The new instruments could be developed using the experience and heritage from recently developed systems, like the Rosetta Lander thermal conductivity experiment MUPUS and existing designs used for terrestrial measurements of thermal conductivity. We describe shortly the working principle of such sensors and the main challenges faced when using them in the airless regolith layers of the Moon or other airless bodies. In addition new concepts to create appropriate drill holes for thermal and other measurements in the lunar regolith are discussed.     

超燃试验用加热器三维粘性流场数值模拟

超燃冲压发动机试验时,使用燃烧型加热器模拟高焓、高马赫数的来流条件,而加热器的喷注结构对改善加热器出口流场均匀性具有重要作用.使用三维数值模拟软件Fluent对2种喷注结构的燃烧型加热器进行了三维定常反应流场模拟,获得了设计工况下的流场.结果表明,采用多孔斜喷结构能使氢气在横向有较大的穿透深度,加上空气的引射作用在燃烧室头部产生大尺度横向涡,增强了氢气和空气的混合燃烧以及燃气的掺混,使加热器出口温度场不均匀性从53%降为21%,氧气摩尔分数不均匀性从63%降为17%,更有利于开展超燃冲压发动机试验.     

大型高低真空两用电子束焊机的结构设计

大型高低真空电子束焊机是用于焊接通信卫星钛合金燃料贮箱和气瓶焊缝的专用设备。它是在吸取国内外同类真空电子束焊机优点的基础上确立了新的结构方案而研制成功的。重点就该机的基本工作原理、技术性能、结构特点等作概括介绍。     

基于MLFMA的飞行器锯齿边板散射特性分析

为精确求解散射问题,采用混合场积分方程、多层快速多极子算法(MLFMA, Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm)和共轭梯度算法的迭代技术,并改进了多极子模式数.金属球双站雷达散射截面(RCS,Radar Cross Section)的算例表明,该方法在保证精度的前提下,降低了内存和计算时间;分析了锯齿边板的电磁散射特性,总结了锯齿边板相对于直边板在不同角域内的RCS减缩特性以及RCS减缩与入射频率变化之间的关系:随着入射频率的增高,RCS减缩效果迅速提高,且垂直极化减缩效果较水平极化减缩效果好.该结论可以用来提高飞行器的隐身性能.      

Local Path Planning and Tracking Control of Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Automotive collision avoidance technology can effectively avoid the accidents caused by dangerous traffic conditions or driver's manipulation errors.Moreover,it can promote the development of autonomous driving for intelligent vehicle in intelligent transportation.We present a collision avoidance system,which is composed of an evasive trajectory planner and a path following controller.Considering the stability of the vehicle in the conflict-free process,the evasive trajectory planner is designed by polynomial parametric method and optimized by genetic algorithm.The path following controller is proposed to make the car drive along the designed path by controlling the vehicle's lateral movement.Simulation results show that the vehicle with the proposed controller has good stability in the collision process,and it can ensure the vehicle driving in accordance with the planned trajectory at different speeds.The research results can provide a certain basis for the research and development of automotive collision avoidance technology.     

大气环境对直升机旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声辐射特性的影响

建立了一个适用于旋翼桨-涡干扰气动载荷计算的计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)/自由尾迹耦合模型,为提高计算效率,提出了一种高效的耦合策略进行不同计算域间的信息交换策略。在此基础上,结合基于声类比法的FW-H方程构建了旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声的计算方法。应用所建立的方法,以OLS(Operational loads survey)旋翼为研究对象,深入分析了大气环境对旋翼噪声辐射特性的影响。研究发现:随着飞行高度的增加,旋翼噪声辐射特性发生了明显的改变,逐渐由桨盘前行侧转变为指向桨盘前方,噪声幅值先增大后减小。文中从桨-涡干扰距离、干扰位置变化角度计算分析了大气压力、音速及空气密度等环境参数对旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声辐射特性的影响,并得出了一些有实际意义的影响规律。     

基于多目标规划的航空货运舱位存量控制模型

本文通过研究发现代理人与航空公司签订协议时通常倾向于签订市场区域的一揽子协议。针对市场需求的这一特征,航空公司需要考虑在一个区域上协议销售的货运舱位如何在各个代理人之间进行分配。以往收益管理的目标只有一个,即收益最大。但是在实践中,决策者往往要考虑多个目标的实现。由此,本文建立了一个考虑销售收入、销售舱位的数目和客户关系管理这三个指标的多目标规划模型,利用"序贯算法"对模型进行了求解,通过算例分析,验证了模型的有效性,为航空公司货运舱位存量控制提供了一种新的方法。     

我国航班延误险现状及推广建议

航班延误险,是指投保人（旅客）根据航班延误保险合同规定,向保险人（保险公司）支付保险费,当合同约定的航班延误情况发生时,保险人（保险公司）依约给付保险金的商业保险行为。本文分析了我国航班延误险现状,并进一步提出建议：完善航班延误险内容,充分发挥其保险功能;多种保险责任组合,降低航班延误保险费;进一步加强保险公司与金融机构、销售平台等的合作;加大宣传力度,正面弓I导旅客认识航班延误险,促进航班延误险的普及化等。     

WAKE GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS FOR TILT-ROTOR USING VISCOUS VORTEX METHOD

A tilt-rotor unsteady flow analytical method has been developed based upon viscous vortex-particle meth- od. In this method, the vorticity field is divided into small assembled vortex particles. Vortex motion and diffusion are obtained by solving the velocity-vorticity-formed incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a grid-free La- grangian simulation method. Generation of the newly vortex particles is calculated by using the Weissinger-L lifting surface model. Furthermore, in order to significantly improve computational efficiency, a fast multiple method （FMM） is introduced into the calculation of induced velocity and its gradient. Finally, the joint vertical experimen- tal （JVX） tilt-rotor is taken as numerical examples to analyze. The wake geometry and downwash are investigated for both hover and airplane modes. The proposed method for tilt-rotor flow analysis is verified by comparing its re- sults with those available measured data. Comparison indicates that the current method can accurately capture the complicated tilt-rotor wake variation and be suitable for aerodynamic interaction simulation in complex environ- ments. Additionally, the aerodynamic interactional characteristics of dual-rotor wake are discussed in different ro- tor distance. Results show that there are significant differences on interactional characteristics between hover mode and airplane mode.