Fine structure of the interplanetary shock front according to measurements of the ion flux of the solar wind with high time resolution

According to the data of the BMSW/SPEKTR-R instrument, which measured the density and velocity of solar wind plasma with a record time resolution, up to ~3 ×10^–2 s, the structure of the front of interplanetary shocks has been investigated. The results of these first investigations were compared with the results of studying the structure of the bow shocks obtained in previous years. A comparison has shown that the quasi-stationary (averaged over the rapid oscillations) distribution of plasma behind the interplanetary shock front was significantly more inhomogeneous than that behind the bow-shock front, i.e., in the magnetosheath. It has also been shown that, to determine the size of internal structures of the fronts of quasi-perpendicular (θ_BN > 45°) shocks, one could use the magnetic field magnitude, the proton density, and the proton flux of the solar wind on almost equal terms. A comparison of low Mach (М _А < 2), low beta (β₁ < 1) fronts of interplanetary and bow shocks has shown that the dispersion of oblique magnetosonic waves plays an essential role in their formation.     

准一维传热下冷面绝热边界材料对隔热试验结果的影响

为评估冷面绝热边界对试验结果的影响,在充分验证测控系统可控性和试验方法稳定性的基础上,分别以柔性隔热毡、刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界,对陶瓷纤维刚性隔热材料进行500℃、3 000s的石英灯热辐射考核试验,并利用迭代绝热边界当量热导率的方法对试验结果进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明,以柔性隔热毡为冷面绝热边界时隔热材料的冷面温度最高,刚性隔热瓦和纳米隔热材料为冷面绝热边界时则冷面温度较低且相近,3者间最大相对偏差高达19.0%。模拟计算证实由冷面绝热边界材料引起的接触热阻对试验结果起到了决定性作用,而不简单地取决于绝热边界材料的隔热性能。     

The Dawn Framing Camera

The Framing Camera (FC) is the German contribution to the Dawn mission. The camera will map 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres through a clear filter and 7 band-pass filters covering the wavelengths from the visible to the near-IR. The camera will allow the determination of the physical parameters of the asteroids, the reconstruction of their global shape as well as local topography and surface geomorphology, and provide information on composition via surface reflectance characteristics. The camera will also serve for orbit navigation. The resolution of the Framing Camera will be up to 12 m per pixel in low altitude mapping orbit at Vesta (62 m per pixel at Ceres), at an angular resolution of 93.7 ??rad?px^?1. The instrument uses a reclosable front door to protect the optical system and a filter-wheel mechanism to select the band-pass for observation. The detector data is read out and processed by a data processing unit. A power converter unit supplies all required power rails for operation and thermal maintenance. For redundancy reasons, two identical cameras were provided, both located side by side on the +Z-deck of the spacecraft. Each camera has a mass of 5.5 kg.     

多载波DS—CDMA在数字微波通信系统中的应用

基于数字微波通信系统的特点，介绍了多载波SD-CDMA（Multicarrier-DS-CDMA,即MC-DS-CDMA）调制技术的基本原理及其应用于数字微波通信系统中的具体实现方法。从理论上详细地分析了MC-CDMA工作方式的性能，并将其与传统的数字微波通信系统进行了比较，阐明了将MC-DS-CDMA工作方式应用于数字微波通信系统的必要性。     

带着全家去出海

这个夏天,有没有筹划一次全家人都可以参与的旅行呢?带着爱人或者家里的小朋友与大自然进行一次深入的交流,想必对于彼此之前感情的沟通能起到不错的作用。如果可以,带着全家去出海吧!     

Numerical modelling of radiance of the presumed dust torus around Mars in the 0.350–1 μm spectral range

With the use of high performance liquid chromatography the products of abiogenic synthesis of adenine nucleotides in solid films were indentified and estimated quantitatively. The main products of photosynthesis appeared to be adenosine and deoxyadenosine monophosphates. Maximal yield of these products in case of adenosine has been 0.36 for 5′AMP, 0.41% for 2′(3′)AMP, 0.20 for 2′3′cAMP; in case of deoxyadenosine 0.13% for 5′dAMP, 0.15% for 3′dAMP, 0.24% for 3′5′cdAMP. The destruction of initial adenosine and deoxyadenosine by the end of the experiment was 10 and 15%, respectively. By the increasing of irradiation dose, 5′AMP and 5′dAMP synthesized in the cource of VUV photolysis were destructed up to adenine, its yield being 15% in both cases.     

Women''s place in space exploration

A Mars manned space mission would be characterized by long-lasting psycho-social stress for its human participants. Based on the results of our and other authors' experiments with small human groups under simulated space stress conditions, and bearing in mind historical evidence of the changing role of women in human society, the differences of feminine and masculine cognitive patterns should be taken into greater account. Participation of women in astronautics should be reconsidered from the point of view of the roles of women as members of a space ship crew, as members of a space control centre and in relation to the family life of male astronauts on long-term space missions.     

小卫星星座自主定轨的论证与仿真

在建立星座自主定轨条件方程的基础上,对其求解的可行性进行了分析、论证和仿真计算。结果表明：在仅考虑一阶摄动理论的情况下,升交点赤经总是秩亏的,即使考虑更精密的摄动模型,其条件方程也近似病态。其它根数在很多情况下也有相关性。因此,为了最大限度地满足自主定轨的要求,在星座结构设计时应尽量考虑不同类型轨道的卫星。     

A new technique for direction of arrival estimation for ionospheric multipath channels

A novel array signal processing technique is proposed to estimate HF channel parameters including number of paths, their respective direction of arrivals (DOA), delays, Doppler shifts and amplitudes. The proposed technique utilizes the Cross Ambiguity Function (CAF), hence, called as the CAF-DF technique. The CAF-DF technique iteratively processes the array output data and provides reliable estimates for DOA, delay, Doppler shift and amplitude corresponding to each impinging HF propagated wave onto an antenna array. Obtained results for both real and simulated data at different signal to noise ratio (SNR) values indicate the superior performance of the proposed technique over the well known MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) technique.     

Graviperception in ciliates: steps in the transduction chain.

Ciliates represent suitable model systems to study the mechanisms of graviperception and signal transduction as they show clear gravity-induced behavioural responses (gravitaxis and gravikinesis). The cytoplasm seems to act as a "statolith" stimulating mechanosensitive ion channels in the cell membrane. In order to test this hypothesis, electrophysiological studies with Stylonychia mytilus were performed, revealing the proposed changes (de- or hyperpolarization) depending on the cell's spatial orientation. The behaviour of Paramecium and Stylonychia was also analyzed during variable acceleration conditions of parabolic flights (5th German Parabolic Flight Campaign, 2003). The corresponding data confirm the relaxation of the graviresponses in microgravity as well as the existence of thresholds of graviresponses, which are found to be in the range of 0.4xg (gravikinesis) and 0.6xg (gravitaxis).