网络化飞行器执行机构故障自适应容错控制

针对存在随机短时延和外部干扰的网络化飞行器执行机构故障问题,提出了一种自适应容错控制方法。首先利用扩张状态观测器(Extended State Observer, ESO)对系统不确定性进行估计,并构建了自抗扰控制器对不确定性进行补偿。在此基础上,设计了一种基于跟踪误差的自适应容错控制方法。当执行机构发生未知故障后执行机构指令能自适应逼近设计值,使得重构的控制系统精确跟踪参考模型。最后利用Lyapunov函数方法证明了闭环控制系统的有界稳定。数值仿真校验了所提方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude

This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995–2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5–7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms.     

Studies of strong gravitational fields near super-massive black hole horizons with space missions

General relativity (GR) can be probed by several tests in the weak gravitational field limit. On the contrary, very poor information exists about GR tests in strong gravitational fields. Here, we focus on the interaction of light rays with the strong gravitational field of a massive black hole and show that relativistic images may form. Hence, we calculate the shapes of shadows (mirages) forming just near BH horizons and discuss the possibility to estimate the black hole parameters (mass, spin and charge) by future astrometric missions. In 2007, the Radioastron space telescope will be launched and it will allow to evaluate those parameters for the black hole hosted at the center of our Galaxy.     

Control of Lunar and Martian dust--experimental insights from artificial and natural cyanobacterial and algal crusts in the desert of Inner Mongolia, China

Studies on the colonization of environmentally extreme ground surfaces were conducted in a Mars-like desert area of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, with microalgae and cyanobacteria. We collected and mass-cultured cyanobacterial strains from these regions and investigated their ability to form desert crusts artificially. These crusts had the capacity to resist sand wind erosion after just 15 days of growth. Similar to the surface of some Chinese deserts, the surface of Mars is characterized by a layer of fine dust, which will challenge future human exploration activities, particularly in confined spaces that will include greenhouses and habitats. We discuss the use of such crusts for the local control of desert sands in enclosed spaces on Mars. These experiments suggest innovative new directions in the applied use of microbe-mineral interactions to advance the human exploration and settlement of space.     

剪切稠化流体（n=2）环管层流运动分析

从非牛顿流体运动微分方程式出发,利用积分、级数展开和数值计算方法,对剪切稠化流体（n=2）在环形通道中的流动进行了分析和计算,推出了该流体在环形通道中流动的速度、流量、平均速度和平均应变速度等关系式,绘制了几种不同R1／R2比值条件下的流体在管道横断面上的速度分布图,讨论了压力降与流量、速度与环管半径之间的关系,为工程计算提供了可靠的理论依据。     

ATM performance measurement in Europe,the US and China

Air traffic management (ATM) performance and the metrics used in its assessment are investigated for the first time across the three largest ATM world regions: Europe, the US and China. The market structure and flow management practices of each region are presented. A wide range of performance data across these three regions is synthesised. For topological and performance assessment, the notion of a 'sufficient' sample is often non-intuitive: many metrics may behave non-monotonically as a function of sampling fraction. Missing and under-developed metrics are identified, and the need for a balance between standardisation and flexibility is proposed. Longitudinal and cross-sectional metric trade-offs are identified.     

一种钢筋弯曲设备的伺服电机控制设计

为提高钢筋生产过程中的安全性和可靠性,提供了一种钢筋弯曲设备的伺服电机控制设计,包括PLC控制单元、行走伺服电机、弯曲伺服电机、电磁阀、气缸、信号采集单元及触摸屏。信号采集单元包括光电开关、磁性开关及钢筋弯曲设备的开关按钮。该伺服电机控制设计通过PLC控制器运动控制技术及数据处理技术实现设备的全数字化控制,通过伺服控制技术实现设备的精准高效的运动及生产节能,从而实现系统操作界面更人性化、操作简单快捷、钢筋弯曲准确、生产效率高、节能,同时也大大降低了工人的劳动强度及废品率,进而降低了生产成本。     

一种新型球副机构的设计及分析

提出一种新型球副机构,即1S机构.该机构由两个转动副和一个等效转动副组成,其运动功能等效为球副.1S机构可通过其变种构型增强刚度和增大运动角度.同时,以1S机构为基础,可构建N-S复合球副机构;与其他运动副进行复合,如移动副、额外的转动副等,可构建X-S机构.在复合铰链中,所有的运动副:(a)均具备相对独立的运动,(b...     

Time-optimal trajectories to circumsolar space using solar electric propulsion

The aim of this paper is to explore the capabilities of a solar electric propelled spacecraft on a mission towards circumsolar space. Using an indirect approach, the paper investigates minimum time of transfer (direct) trajectories from an initial heliocentric parking orbit to a desired final heliocentric target orbit, with a low perihelion radius and a high orbital inclination. The simulation results are then collected into graphs and tables for a trade-off analysis of the main mission parameters. Finally, a comparison of the performance between a solar electric and a (photonic) solar sail based spacecraft is discussed.     

Testing the blast wave model with Swift GRBs

The complex structure of the light curves of Swift GRBs (e.g. superimposed flares and shallow decay) has made their interpretation and that of the blast wave caused by the burst, more difficult than in the pre-Swift era. We aim to constrain the blast wave parameters: electron energy distribution, p, density profile of the circumburst medium, k, and the continued energy injection index, q. We do so by comparing the observed multi-wavelength light curves and X-ray spectra of a Swift sample to the predictions of the blast wave model.