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1.
André Balogh Réjean Grard Sean C. Solomon Rita Schulz Yves Langevin Yasumasa Kasaba Masaki Fujimoto 《Space Science Reviews》2007,132(2-4):611-645
Mercury is a very difficult planet to observe from the Earth, and space missions that target Mercury are essential for a comprehensive
understanding of the planet. At the same time, it is also difficult to orbit because it is deep inside the Sun’s gravitational
well. Only one mission has visited Mercury; that was Mariner 10 in the 1970s. This paper provides a brief history of Mariner
10 and the numerous imaginative but unsuccessful mission proposals since the 1970s for another Mercury mission. In the late
1990s, two missions—MESSENGER and BepiColombo—received the go-ahead; MESSENGER is on its way to its first encounter with Mercury
in January 2008. The history, scientific objectives, mission designs, and payloads of both these missions are described in
detail. 相似文献
2.
Kohei Fujimoto Daniel J. Scheeres Johannes Herzog Thomas Schildknecht 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The direct Bayesian admissible region approach is an a priori state free measurement association and initial orbit determination technique for optical tracks. In this paper, we test a hybrid approach that appends a least squares estimator to the direct Bayesian method on measurements taken at the Zimmerwald Observatory of the Astronomical Institute at the University of Bern. Over half of the association pairs agreed with conventional geometric track correlation and least squares techniques. The remaining pairs cast light on the fundamental limits of conducting tracklet association based solely on dynamical and geometrical information. 相似文献
3.
N.J. Szewczyk J. Tillman C.A. Conley L. Granger L. Segalat A. Higashitani S. Honda Y. Honda H. Kagawa R. Adachi A. Higashibata N. Fujimoto K. Kuriyama N. Ishioka K. Fukui D. Baillie A. Rose G. Gasset B. Eche D. Chaput M. Viso 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
4.
Numerical simulation of the terrestrial ring current is reviewed. After mentioning ‘modules’ which are needed to be taken
into consideration in a ring current simulation, we discuss growth and decay of the ring current. At least four different
paradigms have been proposed to account for the ring current development in the past forty years, i.e., the convection paradigm, the substorm paradigm, the diffusion paradigm, and the ionosphere paradigm. As for the proton ring
current, a simulation under the convection paradigm gives reasonable results which are in fair agreement with observations
with respect to the Dst variation as well as the radial and longitudinal energy density variation of protons when the convection
electric field depending on solar wind parameters is given. The proton energy density is observed to be enhanced (weakened)
on the nightside, and be weakened (enhanced) near noon during a storm main phase (recovery phase). This characteristic is
probably understood to mean that a large-scale and long-standing electric field dominates other electric fields during the
storm main phase, e.g., a locally induced electric field (the substorm paradigm) and a highly fluctuated electric field (the diffusion paradigm).
The declining of the ring current is shown to be triggered by the decrease in the convection electric field at the beginning
of a storm recovery phase, but the decrease in the convection electric field hardly contributes the decay of the ring current.
The charge exchange or other loss processes is needed for the substantial decay of it. An ultimate decay rate (several hours)
is achieved when the strong diffusion takes place, or when the plasma sheet density drastically decreases while the charge
exchange is estimated to provide rather slow decay (a half of day). Diagnosis tools for investigating the ring current, which
are expected to bring us a new insight, are proposed in the latter section.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Hiroshi Yamakawa Hiroyuki Ogawa Yasumasa Kasaba Hajime Hayakawa Toshifumi Mukai Masaki Adachi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2004,33(12):2133-2141
This paper shows the current baseline of the conceptual design of the BepiColombo/MMO (mercury magnetospheric orbiter) spacecraft, which is conducted by the ISAS Mercury Exploration Working Group. The MMO is a spinning spacecraft of 200 kg mass whose spin axis is nearly perpendicular to the Mercury orbital plane. The current status of the overall MMO system and subsystems such as thermal control, communication, power, etc. are described. The latest status of the development of critical technologies for the MMO and the outline of the international cooperation between ESA and ISAS are also presented. 相似文献
6.
GEOTAIL observations of the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) in the tail-flanks show that they are the region where the cold-dense plasma appears with stagnant flow signatures accompanied by bi-directional thermal electrons (< 300 eV). It is concluded from these facts that the tail-LLBL is the site of capturing the cold-dense plasma of the magnetosheath origin on to the closed field lines of the magnetosphere. There are also cases that strongly suggest that the cold-dense plasma entry from the flanks can be significant to fill a substantial part of the magnetotail. In such cases, the cold-dense plasma is not spatially restricted to a layer attached to the magnetopause (that is, the LLBL), but continues to well inside the magnetotail, constituting the cold-dense plasma sheet. Inspired by the fact that these remarkable cases are found for northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), a statistical study on the status of the near-Earth plasma sheet is made. The results show that the plasma sheet becomes significantly colder and denser when the northward IMF continues than during southward IMF periods, and that the cold-dense status appears most prominently near the dawn and dusk flanks. These are consistent with the idea that, during northward IMF periods, the supply of cold-dense ions to the near-Earth tail from the flanks dominates over the hot-tenuous ions transported from the distant tail. 相似文献
7.
K. Haijima K.G. Tanaka M. Fujimoto I. Shinohara 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(10):1643-1648
Recent two-dimensional (2-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have shown that there is a critical thickness of a current sheet, above which no significant saturation amplitude of the 2-D tearing (TI) mode can be expected. Here, we have introduced the initial electron temperature anisotropy (αe0 = Te⊥/Te|| > 1), which is known to raise significantly the linear growth rates, and inspected if αe0 > 1 can change the saturation level of the TI in a super-critical current sheet. Varying αe0 and D (D: the current sheet half-thickness) systematically, we have found that while αe0 boosts up the linear growth rate in both sub- and super-critical current sheets, macroscopic effects are obtained only in sub-critical current sheets, that is, energy transfer from the fastest growing short wavelength modes to longer wavelength modes are available only in the sub-critical regime. Since the critical thickness is a fraction of the ion inertial length, the tearing mode assisted by the electron temperature anisotropy alone, despite its significant boost in the linear growth rate, cannot be the agent for reconnection triggering in a current sheet of ion-scale thickness. 相似文献
8.
Hideo Tsunakawa Hidetoshi Shibuya Futoshi Takahashi Hisayoshi Shimizu Masaki Matsushima Ayako Matsuoka Satoru Nakazawa Hisashi Otake Yuichi Iijima 《Space Science Reviews》2010,154(1-4):219-251
The magnetic field around the Moon has been successfully observed at a nominal altitude of ~100 km by the lunar magnetometer (LMAG) on the SELENE (Kaguya) spacecraft in a polar orbit since October 29, 2007. The LMAG mission has three main objectives: (1) mapping the magnetic anomaly of the Moon, (2) measuring the electromagnetic and plasma environment around the Moon and (3) estimating the electrical conductivity structure of the Moon. Here we review the instrumentation and calibration of LMAG and report the initial global mapping of the lunar magnetic anomaly at the nominal altitude. We have applied a new de-trending technique of the Bayesian procedure to multiple-orbit datasets observed in the tail lobe and in the lunar wake. Based on the nominal observation of 14 months, global maps of lunar magnetic anomalies are obtained with 95% coverage of the lunar surface. After altitude normalization and interpolation of the magnetic anomaly field by an inverse boundary value problem, we obtained full-coverage maps of the vector magnetic field at 100 km altitude and the radial component distribution on the surface. Relatively strong anomalies are identified in several basin-antipode regions and several near-basin and near-crater regions, while the youngest basin on the Moon, the Orientale basin, has no magnetic anomaly. These features well agree with characteristics of previous maps based on the Lunar Prospector observation. Relatively weak anomalies are distributed over most of the lunar surface. The surface radial-component distribution estimated from the inverse boundary value problem in the present study shows a good correlation with the radial component distribution at 30 km altitude by Lunar Prospector. Thus these weak anomalies over the lunar surface are not artifacts but likely to be originated from the lunar crustal magnetism, suggesting possible existence of an ancient global magnetic field such as a dynamo field of the early Moon. The possibility of the early lunar dynamo and the mechanism of magnetization acquisition will be investigated by a further study using the low-altitude data of the magnetic field by Kaguya. 相似文献
9.
Reconnection and Waves: A Review with a Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This review is intended to help prepare a new stage of wave studies in the context of magnetic reconnection. Various results that have accumulated would not let the two-dimensional, steady and laminar magnetic reconnection to remain as the standard model. Emphasis on three-dimensional, temporally varying, and turbulent effects is growing and this fact tells that the effects of waves in various frequency ranges deserve further attention in the context of magnetic reconnection. In this review, by setting a perspective, selected recent topics are reviewed and the ways in which these can be viewed as the stepping stones towards a new research horizon of magnetic reconnection are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Masaki Matsushima Hideo Tsunakawa Yu-ichi Iijima Satoru Nakazawa Ayako Matsuoka Shingo Ikegami Tomoaki Ishikawa Hidetoshi Shibuya Hisayoshi Shimizu Futoshi Takahashi 《Space Science Reviews》2010,154(1-4):253-264
To achieve the scientific objectives related to the lunar magnetic field measurements in a polar orbit at an altitude of 100 km, strict electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements were applied to all components and subsystems of the SELENE (Kaguya) spacecraft. The magnetic cleanliness program was defined as one of the EMC control procedures, and magnetic tests were carried out for most of the engineering and flight models. The EMC performance of all components was systematically controlled and examined through a series of EMC tests. As a result, the Kaguya spacecraft was made to be very clean, magnetically. Hence reliable scientific data related to the magnetic field around the Moon were obtained by the LMAG (Lunar MAGnetometer) and the PACE (Plasma energy Angle and Composition Experiment) onboard the Kaguya spacecraft. These data have been available for lunar science use since November 2009. 相似文献