高温升燃烧室流动与贫油熄火过程的影响规律

为了研究高温升燃烧室在冷态和燃烧状态下的流动差异及其对贫油熄火过程的影响规律,采用粒子图像测速法（PIV） 和高速相机对2种状态下流场结构及贫油熄火过程进行测量。结果表明：主燃孔和掺混孔射流与头部旋流存在相互作用,使得燃 烧室流动处于自模化状态,其流场结构不随压损的改变而变化,但速度值随着压损的增大而提高;当量比的变化不会影响在燃烧 状态下的流场结构,但影响速度值,且燃油喷射对头部流场存在一定影响;在冷态和燃烧状态下流场结构的差异最主要体现在局 部回流区和气流速度上,燃烧状态下的轴向正速度约为冷态时的5~7倍,径向速度约为10倍;气流的流动方式对贫油熄火过程影 响显著,在局部漩涡和垂直气流作用的区域火焰首先熄灭。     

An improved approach to model ionospheric delays for single-frequency Precise Point Positioning

PPP with low-cost, single-frequency receivers has been receiving increasing interest in recent years because of its large amount of possible users. One crucial issue in single-frequency PPP is the mitigation of ionospheric delays which cannot be removed by combining observations on different frequencies. For this purpose, several approaches have been developed, such as, the approach using ionospheric model corrections with proper weight, the GRAPHIC (Group and Phase Ionosphere Calibration) approach, and the method to model ionospheric delays over a station with a low polynomial or stochastic process. From our investigation on the stochastic characteristics of the ionospheric delay over a station, it cannot be precisely represented by either a deterministic model in the form of a low-order polynomial or a stochastic process for each satellite, because of its strong irregular spatial and temporal variations. Therefore, a novel approach is developed accordingly in which the deterministic representation is further refined by a stochastic process for each satellite with an empirical model for its power density. Furthermore, ionospheric delay corrections from a constructed model using GNSS data are also included as pseudo-observations for a better solution. A large data set collected from about 200 IGS stations over one month in 2010 is processed with the new approach and several commonly adopted approaches for validation. The results show its significant improvements in terms of positioning accuracy and convergence time with a negligible extra processing time, which is also demonstrated by data collected with a low-cost, handheld, single-frequency receiver.     

Aircraft-on-ground path following control by dynamical adaptive backstepping

The necessity of improving the air traffic and reducing the aviation emissions drives to investigate automatic steering for aircraft to effectively roll on the ground. This paper addresses the path following control problem of aircraft-on-ground and focuses on the task that the aircraft is required to follow the desired path on the runway by nose wheel automatic steering. The proposed approach is based on dynamical adaptive backstepping so that the system model does not have to be transformed into a canonical triangular form which is necessary in conventional backstepping design. This adaptive controller performs well despite the lack of information on the aerodynamic load and the tire cornering stiffness parameters. Simulation results clearly demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A real-time ionospheric model based on GNSS Precise Point Positioning

This paper proposes a method of real-time monitoring and modeling the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) by Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Firstly, the ionospheric TEC and receiver’s Differential Code Biases (DCB) are estimated with the undifferenced raw observation in real-time, then the ionospheric TEC model is established based on the Single Layer Model (SLM) assumption and the recovered ionospheric TEC. In this study, phase observations with high precision are directly used instead of phase smoothed code observations. In addition, the DCB estimation is separated from the establishment of the ionospheric model which will limit the impacts of the SLM assumption impacts. The ionospheric model is established at every epoch for real time application. The method is validated with three different GNSS networks on a local, regional, and global basis. The results show that the method is feasible and effective, the real-time ionosphere and DCB results are very consistent with the IGS final products, with a bias of 1–2 TECU and 0.4 ns respectively.     

用GAO-YONG湍流模式对分离流动的数值模拟

采用GAO-YONG湍流模式对二维管道内三角形钝体绕流问题以及槽道内后台阶分离流动进行了数值模拟.求解程序基于开源数值计算平台OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation),数值模拟结果很好地预测了钝体绕流问题中漩涡脱落的尾流的流动趋势以及后台阶流动中分离再附的流动结构,同时分析了速度分布以及摩擦系数等参数并与实验值进行了对比,结果符合很好.这表明GAO-YONG湍流模式对大分离流动有较好的预测能力,对工程实践具有指导性作用.     

内场仿真试验系统构成与发展趋势

阐述了国外试验场内场仿真试验的发展过程和特点，分析了内场仿真试验系统的组成和试验模式，在此基础上，探讨了内场仿真试验发展趋势。     

强非线性湍流的不稳定性分析

为了应用拟态动力学(fractal dynamics)概念分析湍流不稳定性,选择带有离散扰波的任意曲线作为湍流拟态结构基元。在基元上建立量级化的尺度与坐标系,用以分析有复杂结构的湍流强非线性问题,湍流分析中的非线性及离散性二大难题得到了解决。所得通向转捩与湍流的分叉解,全面反映强非线性和离散性的效应,即剪切、拉伸、旋转、弥散、压力与变形相互作用及记忆诸因素对不稳定性的影响。本文有助于加深对湍流基本物理特性的理解。     

A DISSIPATION-DISPERSION TURBULENCE THEORY AND ITS MODIFIED k-ε MODEL

Based on the perturbation equation of the Navier-Stokes equation and the instability analysis of strongly nonlinear flow. a set of new control equations is presented featuring the interaction between dissipation and dispersion of turbulence. Three extra terms repr(?)nting respectiveiy the effects of extra strains, rotation and dispersion on the turbulent stresses introduced into the momentum equation. The defects of the original k-(?) model are removed mainly by introducing new (?) terms. This modified k-(?) model has advantages of simplicity, self-consistency and clarity of physics It is abie to handle complex flows and provides new perspectives for looking at a diversity of turbulence problems, such as inter(?)ttency, coberent structure,anisotropy, turbulent energy inversion and the cut-off of turbulence spectra.     

“8”字涡在摆动中作用之探讨及实验研究

通过对鱼类摆动推进的观测研究 ,提出了摆动推进的波涡原理 ,理论分析认为“8”字涡的存在与相互作用是提供推力的原因。通过对刚性摆动翼的有关实验 ,得到启发性的有力证据。并发现“8”字涡具有储能特性。这一新型原理对分析鱼类游泳及设计高效推进器具有重大意义。