基于PVDF敏感器的空间碎片撞击航天器感知定位技术

从理论和实验两个方面开展了基于PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)压电薄膜敏感器的空间碎片撞击航天器感知定位技术研究,分析了基于双曲线理论的定位方法,并在理论分析的基础上,利用气枪和超高速弹道靶分别开展了平面铝板、曲面铝板等单层结构和Whipple结构下的验证实验。弹丸速度范围100m/s-3km/s,实验靶材为2mm厚的单层铝板和铝板厚为1mm、前后间距为10cm的Whipple结构,靶材上安装了4个PVDF传感器。研究结果表明：基于PVDF传感器的感知定位技术可实现空间碎片撞击航天器的位置定位,是一种可应用于航天器在轨感知空间碎片撞击系统的可选技术。     

药柱对燃烧室外压失稳载荷的影响

通过外压屈曲计算及外压试验研究了某固体火箭发动机壳体与燃烧室的外压稳定性。外压屈曲计算得到了壳体、燃烧室的外压屈曲载荷、屈曲失稳波形以及径向位移(环向应变)随外压载荷的变化规律。对比壳体与燃烧室的计算结果发现,燃烧室径向位移(环向应变)-载荷曲线上拐点处对应的外压载荷相对壳体明显偏高,说明药柱对燃烧室外压承载能力贡献较大。对不同推进剂松弛模量的计算表明,推进剂松弛模量与燃烧室外压承载能力呈正相关。壳体、燃烧室外压试验所得失稳波形以及药柱对燃烧室外压承载能力的影响规律与计算结果吻合较好。     

遥感图像去雾算法研究

针对现有的去雾算法对彩色图像处理后会出现色彩畸变的问题,提出了基于Retinex算法和色度比的去雾算法,该算法在用Retinex算法进行图像恢复的过程中引入了原图像的色彩信息,改善了处理后的图像的色彩。     

“天问一号”火星探测器关键任务系统设计

“天问一号”任务是我国行星探测的首次任务,在国际上首次通过一次任务实现了火星“环绕、着陆、巡视”的三步跨越.“天问一号”探测器由中国空间技术研究院负责抓总研制,包括环绕器和着陆巡视器两个组成部分.对“天问一号”探测器的任务特点和概貌进行了介绍,对包括飞行过程、远距离深空通信、火星捕获过程、火星进入下降及着陆过程、火星车解锁驶离和火面工作等关键环节的设计方案进行了描述,对“天问一号”所取得的技术成果与创新进行了总结.     

半球谐振子镀膜残余应力对品质因数影响特性分析

针对半球谐振子表面金属薄膜残余应力分布情况,对半球谐振子Q值的影响特性进行仿真。根据仿真结果,采用多自由度磁控溅射及基底均匀加热的方法进行薄膜沉积工艺试验。控制多自由度旋转机构自传、公转、摆动参数分别为7(r/min)、12(r/min)、15(°)/s,基体均匀加热至120℃,溅射时间26min后得到100nm左右的膜层厚度。在真空状态下对半球谐振子镀膜后品质因数进行检测,结果表明可有效控制镀膜后Q值衰减不大于30%。     

一种简便、实用的公开密钥系统

本文提出了一种新型的、简便、实用的保密通讯方案。该方案利用现有不保密通信信道提供双用户或多用户之间的可靠保密通信。由于公开密钥采用大素数模运算,而加密和解密变换却采用相对较小的素数模运算,故系统实现比较方便,在微机上能够很容易实现。论证表明该方案几乎是不可破译的。     

紧急采购管理及风险库存控制模型

采购部门在日常事务中经常面临紧急采购的情况,以及随之而来的库存积压问题,这会给企业带来风险及库存成本的增加。在理论分析的基础上,通过是否设置风险库存的假设,建立两种对比模型,最后得出结论,设置风险库存的控制方法可以降低成本,并达到抵御风险的目的。     

飞行器线性分式变换建模及其降阶研究

针对一类可用线性变参数系统描述的飞行器动力学模型,本文采用图形法建立其线性分式变换模型,并应用卡尔曼规范分解对模型进行降阶.最终得到的模型将飞行器动力学明确分解为确定性部分和时变参数部分.数学仿真验证了所建立模型的正确性.     

Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.