热平衡等离子体的二维复合流动数值计算

采用中性气体流动欧拉方程的近似因子分解法，耦合等离子体的热平衡模型方程，对用微波产生的等离子体在喷管内二维轴对称复合流动进行了数值计算。计算结果表明：微波等离子体电子数密度不超出临界值，1kW以下功率微波产生的是弱电离等离子体；气流的马赫数分布不受微波加热功率、喷管入口压强的影响，喷管内等离子体中电子数密度随微波功率的加大而增加，随入口压强的增加而减小。     

极点配置的H_∞技术在直升机控制器设计中的应用研究

 极点配置的 H∞ 设计方法不但能满足系统的 H∞ 性能要求 ,而且能使闭环极点配置在希望的范围内 ,因而使系统具有满意的阻尼比 ,同时也避免了过快的控制器动态对设备产生的冲击。针对直升机 H∞ 控制器设计中遇到的问题 ,如控制器结构的选择、加权矩阵的选择以及如何考虑不确定性等进行了研究。通过对 CH-4 7直升机设计结果的数值仿真 ,表明所设计的系统达到了 ADS-33水平 1的性能要求和鲁棒稳定性要求     

含硼镍基钎料钎焊IC-6合金接头显微组织分析

通过对Ni-B钎料在1220℃保温不同时间钎焊IC-6合金接头显微组织的分析,研究了钎缝中γ+γ′组织及近缝区硼化物的形成和变化.结果表明,仅依靠母材中Al元素的扩散钎缝中也能形成γ+γ′组织,但存在大量晶界,对接头高温性能不利.近缝区出现两种类型的硼化物,其Ni和Mo原子比分别近似为1∶1和1∶2,形貌和分布随保温时间不同而变化.     

多级会切磁场等离子体推力器研究进展

多级会切磁场等离子体推力器是一种电推进装置。在对此类推力器的基本概念、性能优势进行总结的基础上,系统性地回顾了国内外各研究机构不同功率级推力器的发展历程,并介绍了推力器离子加速及电子传导相关物理机制的研究过程。历经21年的发展,多级会切磁场等离子体推力器表现出显著的性能优势,在未来航天推进领域表现出了巨大的发展潜力。德国泰雷兹形成了以HEMP3050推力器为代表的工程化应用产品。我国微观物理机制的研究提升了推力器的认知水平,不同功率级推力器的研究均取得突破性进展,为推力器未来的快速发展奠定了基础。     

民用飞机吊挂指形罩鸟撞分析

指形罩结构位于吊挂前缘,作为动力装置整流罩体的一部分,为吊挂及发动机提供气动外形,并为燃油、液压、电气、环控等系统管路提供保护和通路。指形罩的位置及功能决定了其结构必须满足鸟撞要求,承受鸟体撞击后不能影响飞机安全。通常采用鸟撞试验对指形罩结构抗鸟撞性能进行适航验证。为了降低适航验证周期和成本,一般通过鸟撞分析来降低取证试验的撞击点数量。介绍了一种吊挂指形罩鸟撞分析过程和方法,并对分析方法进行了工程试验验证,得到一种可靠的指形罩鸟撞分析方法,为类似的飞机整流结构的鸟撞分析提供了参考。     

考虑发动机性能退化的涡轮叶尖间隙预估方法研究

针对有主动间隙控制的某型高压涡轮,建立了考虑发动机退化的叶尖间隙预估模型,重点研究了发动机在长期使用、性能退化过程中涡轮前燃气温度和蠕变变形对叶尖间隙的影响。研究中,首先分析了间隙预测中发动机性能退化影响的引入方式,建立了对应的间隙预估流程。随后以某型发动机典型工作历程为对象,对比研究了传统间隙控制方案、考虑发动机性能退化影响两种条件下的涡轮叶尖间隙尺度变化规律,并据此开展了间隙控制策略的优化调整。研究中发现,由于发动机性能的退化,导致涡轮前燃气温度升高,使得机匣、轮盘和叶片的热变形量增大,其中在最大巡航阶段对机匣的影响最大,其伸长量达到了6.914mm,与未退化前相比增大了17%,同时由于发动机的长期使用,叶片和轮盘受蠕变变形影响,导致叶尖间隙的变化。研究结果表明,采用优化后的主动间隙控制方案,各个工况下的叶尖间隙值均控制在合理范围内,尤其在高温起飞阶段,与退化状态下的间隙值相比提高了53%,有效避免了叶片严重碰摩等故障发生。     

7YSZ coating prepared by PS-PVD based on heterogeneous nucleation

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) as a novel coating process based on low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS) has been significantly used for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A coating can be deposited from liquid splats, nano-sized clusters, and the vapor phase forming different structured coatings, which shows obvious advantages in contrast to conventional technologies like atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In addition, it can be used to produce thin, dense, and porous ceramic coatings for special applications because of its special characteristics, such as high power, very low pressure, etc. These provide new opportunities to obtain different advanced microstructures, thus to meet the growing requirements of modern functional coatings. In this work, focusing on exploiting the potential of gas-phase deposition from PS-PVD, a series of 7YSZ coating experiments with various process conditions was performed in order to better understand the deposition process in PS-PVD, where coatings were deposited on different substrates including graphite and zirconia. Meanwhile, various substrate temperatures were investigated for the same substrate. As a result, a deposition mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation has been presented showing that surface energy is an important influencing factor for coating structures. Besides, undercooling of the interface between substrate and vapor phase plays an important role in coating structures.     

High-temperature oxidation behavior and analysis of impedance spectroscopy of 7YSZ thermal barrier coating prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition

Quasi-columnar structure 7YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) are prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD) onto pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating, respectively. An isothermal oxidation experiment of 7YSZ TBCs is carried out in the atmosphere of 950 °C in order to simulate the high-temperature oxidation process of engine blades. The isothermal oxidation process of 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings is investigated systematically by impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical physical model and equivalent circuit of columnar 7YSZ coatings are established. Results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetic curve of columnar 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings appears to follow the parabolic law. A pretreatment of bond coating can reduce the growth rate of the thermally grown oxide(TGO) layer, restraining the initiation and propagation of microcracks between YSZ and TGO layers. The oxidation rate constants of 7YSZ coatings with pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating are 0.101×10~(-12) cm~2·s~(-1) and 0.115 × 10~(-13) cm~2 ·s~(-1), respectively. Impedance analysis shows that the content of oxygen vacancies decreases and the density increases after the TGO layer is oxidized for 150 h. In addition, shrinkage microcracks formed by sintering during the oxidation process is the main reason for an increase of the capacitance and a decrease of the resistance in the grain boundary of YSZ.     

跨声压气机动静干涉效应的数值研究

采用数值方法对一轴流跨声压气机在设计点的非定常流场进行了模拟, 对级内动静干涉进行了深入分析, 研究了尾迹和位势作用等对动静叶表面气动负荷的影响.计算结果表明:在压气机中, 上游动叶的尾迹等对静叶通道内部流动, 叶片表面静压的波动, 以及边界层流动损失的发生、发展和输运产生明显的影响, 需要在设计中加以考虑.      

旋转半受限单孔冲击局部换热特性实验

利用热膜法测量局部换热系数Nu,对旋转条件下半受限冲击射流的换热特性开展了实验研究.通过改变冲击雷诺数Re(20 00035 000)和旋转数Ro(00.003 441)等参数,讨论了旋转状态对半受限单孔冲击换热特性的影响.实验结果表明:旋转显著影响了冲击靶面的局部换热系数分布规律.在实验工况范围内,靶面局部(平均)Nu数均是先随着旋转数Ro的增加而增强,后又随着旋转数Ro的增加而减小.实验中还观察到同静止情况相似,旋转条件下半受限冲击射流的冷却效果也是随着冲击Re的增加而不断提高.