俄罗斯铝锂合金的研制和应用概况

本文介绍了俄国1420,1430,1450等铝锂合金的研制过程和性能,并与西方类似合金进行了对比,同时还列举了铝锂合金在战斗机、运输机、民航机和直升机上作为结构元件和应用情况。     

跨音速大迎角Euler方程数值分析

应用有限体积法离散三维Euler方程,选用三步显式格式进行时间推进求解;并通过当地时间步长、残值光顺、焓修正等方法加速收敛。对一维波动方程的von Neumann稳定性分析说明这种三步格式的最大Courant数是2。对三角翼跨音速大迎角流动的数值分析表明文中的三步格式及焓修正方法优于人们经常采用的四步、五步格式以及焓阻尼技术。     

飞机总能量控制系统的研究Ⅰ——原理分析与系统设计

飞机总能量控制是一种全新的综合飞行/推力控制技术,从控制飞机总能量的变化与分配出发,全面解决纵向飞行轨迹控制与速度控制之间的耦合问题;进而建立起一体化的综合飞行控制系统。用多变量系统解耦控制理论研究了这种控制系统,首先分析了总能量控制的基本思想,建立起包含飞机纵向姿态控制回路和发动机推力控制回路的飞机质点能量运动模型,然后利用输出反馈和V规范型前馈解耦策略,对此系统进行解耦分析,设计出能实现飞行轨迹与速度间解耦控制的总能量控制律,并确定出系统的设计条件;最后以波音(Boeing)707飞机为对象,进行了具体的系统设计。     

模糊可靠性理论中的基本概念

经典可靠性理论以概率假设和二态假设为基础,在许多情况下是不可接受的,需要以可能性假设和模糊状态假设分別替代。模糊可靠性理论或者基于概率假设和模糊状态假设,或者基于可能性假设和二态假设,或者基于可能性假设和模糊状态假设,从而有3种不同的形式:率模(Profust)可靠性理论、能双(Posbist)可靠性理论和能模(Posfust)可靠性理论。本文概述了率模可靠性理论和能双可靠性理论中的基本概念,并介绍一个简单实用的模糊软件可靠性模型,最后展望模糊可靠性研究的未来趋势。     

采用多级优化技术进行复合材料结构可靠性优化设计

在可靠性基础上将结构体系可靠性优化设计方法发展至复合材料结构,并采有多级优化技术提出了复合材料结构可靠性优化设计方法。系统级优化以结构总重最小为目标函数,以满足结构体系可靠性指标要求为约束条件;元件级优化以元件可靠度最大为目标函数,以层板或元件重量在一次迭代中保持不变为约束条件,从而导出了相应的优化准则和迭代式。算例表明该方法的效率高、收敛性好,能推广应用于大型复合材料结构。     

铝锂合金的铸锭冶金（Ⅱ）

介绍了俄罗斯铝锂合金铸锭熔炼和铸造方法的发展和改进，评述了铝锂合金熔铸特点，熔体氧化，防护添加剂，熔剂和氩气防护，氧、碳、氮和氢等非金属夹杂，铸造裂纹（冷裂和热裂）敏感性，结晶状态，不均匀组织等方面的研究结果。     

双激盘理论及其在轴流式弯掠动叶栅气动计算中的应用

轴流式弯掠动叶栅对主气流作用有一个不容忽视的径向分力。为此本文提出“双激盘理论”及相应的一套计算方法, 其中包括阻力系数及出口气流角值沿径分布的修正, 用来进行低速低负荷轴流式弯掠(即必须计及叶片径向分力影响的)风扇的设计和性能估计。用一个弯掠动叶和一个非弯掠动叶的风扇进行验证性试验, 结果表明:计算与实测值吻合甚好。      

The autocorrelation of m-sequences over nonprime finitefields

Nonbinary m-sequences (maximal length sequences) for spread-spectrum communication systems that have a two-level autocorrelation are presented. The autocorrelation function of an m -sequence over the Galois field of q elements GF(q), where q=p^k, for p a prime and k an integer greater than 1, is developed and shown to be bilevel when the elements of GF(q) are expressed as elements of a vector space over the pth roots of unity     

COS-B views on the diffuse galactic gamma-ray emission and some point sources

The correlation between diffuse galactic gamma rays and gas tracers is studied using the final COS-B database and H i and CO surveys covering the entire galactic plane. A good quantitative fit to the gamma rays is obtained, with a small galacto-centric gradient in the gamma-ray emissivity per hydrogen atom. The average ratio of H₂ column density to integrated CO temperature is determined, the best estimate being (2.3 ± 0.3) × 10² molecules cm^–2 (K km s^–1)^–1. Strictly taken, this value is an upper limit. The corresponding mass of molecular hydrogen in the inner galaxy, derived using both 1st and 4th quadrants, is 1.0 × 10⁹ M .The softer gamma-ray spectrum towards the inner galaxy found in previous work can be attributed to a steeper emissivity gradient at low energies and/or to a softer gamma-ray spectrum of the emission distributed like molecular gas. A steeper emissivity gradient at low energies could be related to cosmic-ray spectral variations in the Galaxy, to different distributions of cosmic-ray electrons and nuclei, or to a contribution from discrete sources. A softer spectrum for the emission associated with molecular clouds may be physically related to the clouds themselves (i.e., cosmic-ray spectral variations) or to an associated discrete source distribution.New results on the temporal and spectral characteristics of the high-energy (50 MeV to 5 GeV) gammaray emission from the Vela pulsar are presented. The whole pulsed flux is found to exhibit long-term variability. Five discrete emission regions within the pulsar lightcurve have been identified, with the spectral characteristics and long-term behaviour being different. These characteristics differ significantly from those reported earlier for the Crab pulsar. However, geometrical pulsar models have been proposed (e.g., Morini, 1983; Smith, 1986) which could explain many of these features.