全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 5708篇 |
| 免费 | 19篇 |
| 国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
| 航空 | 2580篇 |
| 航天技术 | 2176篇 |
| 综合类 | 19篇 |
| 航天 | 974篇 |
出版年
| 2021年 | 54篇 |
| 2019年 | 40篇 |
| 2018年 | 120篇 |
| 2017年 | 82篇 |
| 2016年 | 74篇 |
| 2015年 | 25篇 |
| 2014年 | 126篇 |
| 2013年 | 164篇 |
| 2012年 | 155篇 |
| 2011年 | 228篇 |
| 2010年 | 147篇 |
| 2009年 | 257篇 |
| 2008年 | 314篇 |
| 2007年 | 168篇 |
| 2006年 | 145篇 |
| 2005年 | 174篇 |
| 2004年 | 178篇 |
| 2003年 | 198篇 |
| 2002年 | 123篇 |
| 2001年 | 183篇 |
| 2000年 | 128篇 |
| 1999年 | 139篇 |
| 1998年 | 158篇 |
| 1997年 | 125篇 |
| 1996年 | 153篇 |
| 1995年 | 197篇 |
| 1994年 | 178篇 |
| 1993年 | 93篇 |
| 1992年 | 144篇 |
| 1991年 | 49篇 |
| 1990年 | 51篇 |
| 1989年 | 127篇 |
| 1988年 | 41篇 |
| 1987年 | 41篇 |
| 1986年 | 58篇 |
| 1985年 | 172篇 |
| 1984年 | 132篇 |
| 1983年 | 106篇 |
| 1982年 | 132篇 |
| 1981年 | 154篇 |
| 1980年 | 45篇 |
| 1979年 | 30篇 |
| 1978年 | 37篇 |
| 1977年 | 36篇 |
| 1976年 | 29篇 |
| 1975年 | 26篇 |
| 1974年 | 34篇 |
| 1973年 | 25篇 |
| 1970年 | 27篇 |
| 1969年 | 24篇 |
排序方式： 共有5749条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
381.
F. Di Capua L. Campajola P. Casolaro M. Campajola A. Aloisio A. Lucaroni G. Furano A. Menicucci S. Di Mascio F. Malatesta M. Ottavi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(10):3249-3257
A new methodology for Total Ionizing Dose (TID) tests is proposed. It is based on the employment of an on-chip 90Sr/90Y beta source as alternative to standard methods such as 60Co gamma rays and electrons from LINAC. The use of a compact beta source for TID tests has several advantages. In particular, the irradiation of devices with more than one radiation source results in a better representation of the complex space radiation environment composed of several types, energies and dose-rates. In addition, the use of an easy handling beta source allows the irradiation of electronic devices without any damage to other auxiliary circuit. In this work, 90Sr/90Y beta source dosimetry and related radiation field characteristics are discussed in depth.In order to validate the proposed source for TID tests, a rather complex device such as the “SPC56EL70L5” microcontroller from ST-Microelectronics was exposed to 90Sr/90Y beta rays. The results of this test were compared to that of a previous test of another sample from the same lot with a standard gamma 60Co source. The electronic performances following the two irradiations have been found to be in excellent agreement, by demonstrating therefore the validity of the proposed beta source for TID tests. 相似文献
382.
S. Sadeghi M.R. Emami 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(8):2050-2056
This paper studies an auroral event using data from three spacecraft of the Cluster mission, one inside and two at the poleward edge of the bottom of the Auroral Acceleration Region (AAR). The study reveals the three-dimensional profile of the region’s poleward boundary, showing spatial segmentation of the electric potential structures and their decay in time. It also depicts localized magnetic field variations and field-aligned currents that appear to have remained stable for at least 80?s. Such observations became possible due to the fortuitous motion of the three spacecraft nearly parallel to each other and tangential to the AAR edge, so that the differences and variations can be seen when the spacecraft enter and exit the segmentations, hence revealing their position with respect to the AAR. 相似文献
383.
Avdeev S Bidoli V Casolino M De Grandis E Furano G Morselli A Narici L De Pascale MP Picozza P Reali E Sparvoli R Boezio M Carlson P Bonvicini W Vacchi A Zampa N Castellini G Fuglesang C Galper A Khodarovich A Ozerov Y Popov A Vavilov N Mazzenga G Ricci M Sannita WG Spillantini P 《Acta Astronautica》2002,50(8):511-525
The phenomenon of light flashes (LF) in eyes for people in space has been investigated onboard Mir. Data on particles hitting the eye have been collected with the SilEye detectors, and correlated with human observations. It is found that a nucleus in the radiation environment of Mir has roughly a 1% probability to cause an LF, whereas the proton probability is almost three orders of magnitude less. As a function of LET, the LF probability increases above 10 keV/micrometer, reaching about 5% at around 50 keV/micrometer. 相似文献
384.
385.
M. Pezzopane M. Pietrella A. Pignatelli B. Zolesi Lj.R. Cander 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
This paper describes the three-dimensional (3-D) electron density mapping of the ionosphere given as output by the assimilative IRI-SIRMUP-P (ISP) model for three different geomagnetic storms. Results of the 3-D model are shown by comparing the electron density profiles given by the model with the ones measured at two testing ionospheric stations: Roquetes (40.8°N, 0.5°E), Spain, and San Vito (40.6°N, 17.8°E), Italy. The reference ionospheric stations from which the autoscaled foF2 and M(3000)F2 data as well as the real-time vertical electron density profiles are assimilated by the ISP model are those of El Arenosillo (37.1°N, 353.3°E), Spain, Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E), and Gibilmanna (37.9°N, 14.0°E), Italy. Overall, the representation of the ionosphere made by the ISP model is better than the climatological representation made by only the IRI-URSI and the IRI-CCIR models. However, there are few cases for which the assimilation of the autoscaled data from the reference stations causes either a strong underestimation or a strong overestimation of the real conditions of the ionosphere, which is in these cases better represented by only the IRI-URSI model. This ISP misrepresentation is mainly due to the fact that the reference ionospheric stations covering the region mapped by the model turn out to be few, especially for disturbed periods when the ionosphere is very variable both in time and in space and hence a larger number of stations would be required. The inclusion of new additional reference ionospheric stations could surely smooth out this concern. 相似文献
386.
A. Claret J. Ballet A. Goldwurm F. Lebrun J. P. Roques L. Bouchet M. C. Schmitz-Fraysse P. Mandrou R. Sunyaev E. Churazov M. Gilfanov N. Khavenson A. Dyachkov B. Novikov R. Kremnev V. Kovtunenko 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1993,13(12):735-738
We report the first detection of two soft gamma ray transients GX 354-0 and Nova Persei (GRO J0422+32) by the coded-mask telescope SIGMA. Only preliminary results are presented with regard to Nova Persei while special emphasis is given to the data on GX 354-0 which has been monitored during the 1992 February–April survey of the Galactic Center. GX 354-0 underwent two flares of about two week duration and its average spectrum is well described by a thermal Bremsstrahlung model or a broken power law whereas the Nova Persei spectrum seems to be similar to the one observed for GRS 1124-684 in Musca. 相似文献
387.
“Mars Direct”, is an approach to the space Exploration Initiative that allows for the rapid initiation of manned Mars exploration, possibly as early as 1999. The approach does not require any on-orbit assembly or refueling or any support from the Space Station or other orbital infrastructure. Furthermore, the Mars Direct plan is not merely a “flags and footprints” one-shot expedition, but puts into place immediately an economical method of Earth-Mars transportation, real surface exploratory mobility, and significant base capabilities that can evolve into a mostly self-sufficient Mars settlement. This paper presents both the initial and evolutionary phases of the Mars Direct plan. In the initial phase, only chemical propulsion is used, sendig 4 persons on conjunction class Mars exploratory missions. Two heavy lift booster launches are required to support each mission. The first launch delivers an unfueled Earth Return Vehicle (ERV) to the martian surface, where it fills itself with methane/oxygen bipropellant manufactured primarily out of indigenous resources. After propellant production is completed, a second launch delivers the crew to the prepared site, where they conduct regional exploration for 1.5 years and then return directly to Earth in the ERV. In the second phase of Mars Direct, nuclear thermal propulsion is used to cut crew transit times in half, increase cargo delivery capacity, and to create the potential for true global mobility through the use of CO2 propelled ballistic hopping vehicles (“NIMFs”). In this paper we present both phases of the Mars Direct plan, including mission architecture, vehicle designs, and exploratory strategy leading to the establishment of a 48 person permanent Mars base. Some speculative thoughts on the possibility of actually colonizing Mars are also presented. 相似文献
388.
The five main types of antisunward propagating energetic fluxes (particles and emission) may be thought of as well established to date, the effects of which lead to a particilar character of disturbance in the near-terrestrial environment (the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere). The strongest global restructuring of the magnetosphere and ionosphere is caused by fluxes of relatively dense n of 1-70 cm-3 at the Earth's orbit) Solar Wind (SW) quasi-neutral, low-energy (E ＜ 10 keV) plasma which cause magnetospheric and ionospheric storms lasting 24 hours or longer. For that reason, main attention is given to their study at the initial stage of research. The physical essence of the method of predicting disturbances in the near-terrestrial space environment, the amplitude of which can be expressed in, for example, the Kp index units, involves:(1) identifying all the most geo-effective SW streams of type, (2) determing their sources on the solar disk,and (3) quantifying the correlations between the characteristics of their solar sources with a maximum value of the Kp-index that is caused by the concerned type of SW stream. Semi-phenomenological relations have been obtained, which relate parameters of type SW stream sources to characteristics of geomagnetic storms:storm commencement, the time at which the storm intensity reaches its maximum values, the storm duration,as well as to the storm amplitude expressed in terms of geomagnetic indeces. 相似文献
389.
This paper analyzes the state of the ionosphere during two geomagnetic storms of a different intensity evolving in different sectors of local time in different seasons. There were used the data from a network of ionospheric stations located in the opposite longitudinal sectors of 80°-150° E and 250°-310° E.This analysis has permitted us to conclude that the detected differences in the variations of the disturbances are likely to be determined by the local time difference of the geomagnetic storm development, its intensity and by the different illumination conditions of the ionosphere. 相似文献
390.
A. N. Markushin V. K. Merkushin V. M. Byshin A. V. Baklanov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(1):63-68
The test results of a conventional combustion chamber with the improved structure are presented. The concentration of toxic substance emissions is reduced as compared with combustion chambers of the similar type. 相似文献