Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.     

A novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have the merits of high ratio of torque to volume, high positioning precision, intrinsic holding torque, etc., compared to the conventional electromagnetic motors. There have been several potential applications for this type of motor in aerospace exploration, but bearings and bonding mechanism of the piezoelectric ring in the motors limit the performance of them in the space operation conditions. It is known that the Langevin type transducer has excel- lent energy efficiency and reliability. Hence using the Langevin type transducer in ultrasonic motors may improve the reliability of piezoelectric motors for space applications. In this study, a novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The proposed motor operates in in-plane vibration mode which is excited by four Langevin-type bending vibra- tors separately placed around a ring-shaped stator. Two tapered rotors are assembled to the inner ring of the stator and clamped together by a screw nut. In order to make the motor more stable and convenient to fix, a thin cylindrical support is placed under the stator ring. Due to its no-bearing structure and Langevin transducer excitation, the prototype ultrasonic motor may operate well in aeronautic and astronautic environments.     

An integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach to analyze human factors in aviation accidents

Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inadequate human–aircraft–environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts' skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree(AcciTree), with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to factors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.     

环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特征影响的理论研究

为获得亚临界条件下,环境压力对双组分运动液滴蒸发特性的影响规律,基于多组分液滴蒸发模型,对癸烷—乙醇二元混合液滴在高温氮气环境下的运动蒸发过程开展模型研究。通过模型计算,获得了液滴内部浓度分布、温度分布和液滴速度随时间的变化;分析了在环境压力0.1MPa和2MPa下,不同浓度液滴温度、尺寸及表面乙醇浓度的变化特征。结果表明:双组分液滴运动蒸发过程中,内部存在显著浓度和温度梯度,传热扩散快于传质扩散。常压环境下,液滴温度经历瞬态加热和平衡蒸发两个阶段,而高压环境下,液滴温度逐渐升高至接近环境温度。双组分液滴蒸发过程中由于组分浓度随时间变化,其无量纲尺寸随时间变化明显偏离"d 2理论";环境压力越高,液滴运动的贯穿距离越短,蒸发速率越慢。乙醇浓度对液滴蒸发速率的影响有两方面:蒸发前期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率越快;而蒸发后期,乙醇浓度越高,液滴蒸发速率反而越慢。     

基于FFT的抑制载波捕获技术

介绍三种基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的开环抑制载波捕获技术,并对这些算法进行性能分析及仿真.结果表明,基于FFT的交错符号积分技术,在低符号信噪比时引入的信噪比损失最小,适用于深空接收机中抑制载波捕获.     

深化专业改革 加强能力培养

本文阐述了电子产品设计与工艺专业办学基础，并全面介绍了该专业正在实施的教学改革、实践教学、实习基地建设等方面的工作。     

基于神经网络的超精密车床圆柱度误差补偿技术研究

根据所研制的超精密亚微米车床的具体特点，提出了一种基于神经网络的工件圆柱度误差补偿方法，并据此建立了误差补偿控制系统，实验结果证明所提方法简单易行，在超精密车削中应用前景广阔。     

对称性惩罚贴近度在等级划分中的应用

本文在分析了等级划分中的最大值法、贴近度分析方法的基础上,提出了一种改进型的等级划分方法;对称性惩罚贴近度方法。该方法运用对称性惩罚因子使等级划分中的信息得到比较充分的利用,最终的决策结果也更趋于合理。     

Dimension reduction for array processing with robust interference cancellation

We present a robust solution for data reduction in array processing. The purpose is to reduce the computation and improve the performance of applied signal processing algorithms by mapping the data into a lower dimension beamspace (BS) through a transformation. Nulls steering to interference are incorporated into a transformation using the subspace projection technique, and the BS spatial spectrum estimation accuracy is evaluated and maximized with a measure. The derived transformation tries to preserve the full-dimension Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) for the parameters of interest while rejecting undesired signals effectively. When compared with an optimal method and an adaptive approach, simulation results show that significant improvements are obtained in terms of BS direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation root-mean-squared error (RMSE), bias, and resolution probability.     

Ultra-wideband technology and random signal radar: an ideal combination

Ultra-wideband radar and random signal radar are two types of newly-developed radar systems. This paper introduces the special advantages of the combination of ultra-wideband technology and random signal radar to the international radar community. It shows that these two radar systems have a very close relationship in nature and can gain significant benefits from each other. It can be anticipated that the random signal modulated waveform will open many potential possibilities for the applications of ultra-wideband radar systems to civilian operating environments.