分层次交通运输专业硕士研究生培养探索

随着交通运输专业硕士研究生培养层次的增加,普通硕士、全日制工程硕士和普通工程硕士三种不同类型的硕士研究生培养层次带来了新的研究生培养问题.在分析不同研究生培养目标和培养对象特点的基础上,本文提出了针对普通型硕士研究生的科研强化培养模式,针对全日制工程硕士的实践强化培养模式和针对普通工程硕士的科研认知培养模式.实践证明,分层次有针对性的研究生培养模式受到了学生的欢迎,培养效果正在逐渐显现.     

一种改进阻尼倒数的空间机器人避奇异算法

针对自由漂浮空间机器人运动规划过程中存在的动力学奇异问题,提出一种动力学奇异转化加改进阻尼倒数的奇异回避算法。首先,通过运动学分解,间接求解机器人逆运动学方程,避免直接求解逆广义雅可比矩阵,以实现奇异参数的分离;然后,采用改进的高斯分布阻尼因子的阻尼倒数代替奇异参数的普通倒数,回避运动学奇异的影响。与现有阻尼倒数方法相比,提高了算法在奇异点附近的连续性,进一步减小了算法带来的跟踪误差。在PUMA类型空间机器人模型上进行仿真试验,校验算法的有效性。     

基于相位差测量的脉冲星时间相对导航方法

针对传统脉冲星导航方法在相位估计时依赖脉冲星信号轮廓,存在整周模糊及不确定星历参数引起的系统共模误差问题,提出基于相位差测量的脉冲星时间相对导航方法。该方法通过对脉冲星光子到达时间序列进行相位估计,以相邻时刻的相位差作为观测量,建立航天器位置增量与相位差的关系,采用广义卡尔曼滤波器处理系统噪声相关问题进行导航,可有效减小系统误差,实现脉冲星导航的应用。通过对导航系统初始定位方法、可观性分析,及基于罗西X射线时变探测器（RXTE）观测的Crab脉冲星的在轨实测数据试验分析,证明了该方法的自主性与可行性。最后,对基于相位差测量的脉冲星时间相对导航系统进行导航滤波仿真,试验结果表明,导航系统完全可观,噪声不累积,位置估计精度可满足实际应用。     

一种低干扰力矩的三自由度球面磁轴承

提出一种低干扰力矩的三自由度球面磁轴承结构,球面磁轴承定、转子均采用球面结构。当磁通作用在转子的球形包络面时,产生的电磁力会指向转子球心,不会对转子产生干扰力矩,但少量的漏磁磁通会作用在转子的非球形平面上,导致低干扰力矩的出现。利用等效磁路法对球形转子偏转时轴向部分漏磁导致的干扰力矩进行分析,得出干扰力矩的数学表达式。运用有限元法分析球面磁轴承和柱面磁轴承产生偏转时的干扰力矩,结果表明干扰力矩随着转子偏转角度的增加而增大,当转子偏转角达到最大允许值0.3°时,球面磁轴承与柱面磁轴承相比干扰力矩减小两个数量级。球面磁轴承的低干扰力矩特性决定其特别适用于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺,可提高陀螺的控制精度,在磁悬浮高能密度电机、其他飞轮系统等场合具有广阔的应用前景。     

Predicting atmospheric delays for rapid ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) can shorten the initialization and re-initialization time, and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions are also more reliable and accurate than ambiguity-float PPP solutions. However, signal interruptions are unavoidable in practical applications, particularly while operating in urban areas. Such signal interruptions can cause discontinuity of carrier phase arc, which introduces new integer ambiguities. Usually it will take approximately 15 min of continuous tracking to a reasonable number of satellites to fix new integer ambiguities. In many applications, it is impractical for a PPP user to wait for such a long time for the re-initialization. In this paper, a method for rapid ambiguity fixing in PPP is developed to avoid such a long re-initialization time. Firstly, the atmospheric delays were estimated epoch by epoch from ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions before the data gap or cycle slip occurs. A random walk procedure is then applied to predict the atmospheric delays accurately over a short time span. The predicted atmospheric delays then can be used to correct the observations which suffer from signal interruptions. Finally, the new ambiguities can be fixed with a distinct WL-LX-L3 (here LX denotes either of L1, L2) cascade ambiguity resolution strategy. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method and strategy can fix zero-difference integer ambiguities successfully with only a single-epoch observation immediately after a short data gap. This technique works even when all satellites are interrupted at the same time. The duration of data gap bridged by this technique could be possibly extended if a more precise atmospheric delay prediction is found or on-the-fly (OTF) technology is applied. Based on the proposed method, real-time PPP with integer ambiguity fixing becomes more feasible in practice.     

一种航空发动机滚动轴承磨损故障监测技术

针对航空发动机滚动轴承磨损状态监测对长轴尺寸大于10μm的故障敏感磨粒检测的需要,研制了多功能油液磨粒智能检测与诊断系统,克服了传统光谱分析对大磨粒不敏感的缺点,以及传统铁谱分析检测步骤烦琐的不足,可直接对流动的油液中大于10μm的运动磨粒进行检测.提出了油液运动磨粒的7个数字特征参数及其识别策略,实现了磨粒的自动识别,识别率基本上达到99%以上.利用实际的航空发动机油样进行了试验验证,并与传统光谱分析进行了对比,试验结果表明该系统较光谱分析具有更强的检测力和更优的时效性.      

Effects of different carbon dioxide and LED lighting levels on the anti-oxidative capabilities of Gynura bicolor DC

Gynura bicolor DC is not only an edible plant but also a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. G. bicolor DC grown in controlled environmental chambers under 3 CO₂ concentrations [450 (ambient), 1500 (elevated), 8000 (super-elevated) μmol mol⁻¹] and 3 LED lighting conditions [white (WL), 85% red + 15% blue (RB15), 70% red + 30% blue (RB30) ] were investigated to reveal plausible antioxidant anabolic responses to CO₂ enrichment and LED light quality. Under ambient and elevated CO₂ levels, blue light increasing from 15% to 30% was conducive to the accumulation of anthocyanins and total flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity of extract was also increased, but plant biomass was decreased. These results demonstrated that the reinforcement of blue light could induce more antioxidant of secondary metabolites, but depress the effective growth of G. bicolor DC under ambient and elevated CO₂ levels. In addition, compared with the ambient and elevated CO₂ levels, the increased anthocyanins, total flavonoids contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of G. bicolor DC under super-elevated CO₂ level could serve as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against CO₂ stress. Hence, G. bicolor DC might have higher tolerance to CO₂ stress.     

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Laser Milling Assisted with Jet Electrochemical Machining

In laser milling assisted with jet electrochemical machining （LMAJECM）, the source of energy is a pulsed laser beam aligned coaxially with a jet of electrolyte, which focuses optical energy on the surface of work- piece. The impact of jet of electrolyte develops a state-of-art work to perform operations such as electrolytic etch- ing, effective cooling, and transportation of debris. Therefore, a special jet cell is designed to obtain stable jet as to be a kind of noneontact tool, i. e. , electrode. According to the theoretical model of on-off pulse time process, laser machining and electrolytic anodization are simulated by finite element analysis （FEA） method. Grooves on a 0.5 mm thick 321 stainless steel sheet produced by LMAJECM is performed with pulsed Nd：YAG laser at the second harmonic wavelength. Compared with laser milling under ambient atmosphere conditions, the recast layer and burrs are effectively diminished. And the accuracy of depth is dedicated to laser milling, whilst that of width is dominated by jet electrochemical machining. It is demonstrated that LMAJECM can be a highly potential approach for fabricating 3-D micro components.     

多饱和约束拦截弹参数时变系统控制器设计

针对拦截弹参数时变和执行机构饱和非线性影响控制系统性能,提出基于齐次多项式参数相关 Lyapunov 理论和非线性矩阵微分方程凸多面体转换算法相结合的鲁棒最优控制系统设计方案。 通过引入标准饱和约束算子,建立控制系统数学模型并给出控制系统结构;引入饱和归一化因子,把非线性参数时变微分方程转化成线性多胞型微分方程;基于齐次多项式参数相关Lyapunov理论和拓展Pólya’s定理,把参数时变多胞型微分方程转换成齐次多项式参数相关微分方程,并给出齐次多项式参数相关控制器结构;利用迭代算法把非线性矩阵不等式转换成线性矩阵不等式(LMIs),进而基于LMI凸优化理论获得控制器解,设计出的控制器是关于齐次多项式阶次g和Pólya’s松弛度d的函数;通过定点和制导控制系统仿真校验了该算法,仿真结果表明随着齐次多项式阶次g和Pólya’s松弛度d的增加,设计出的控制器在确保系统稳定的前提下改善控制系统性能。     

一种面向二维观测模型的压缩感知重构算法

针对目前二维信号压缩感知重构时,常采用的一维化手段效率低、重构性能有待提高等缺陷,基于二维观测模型,提出一种新的压缩感知重构方法,并证明了其有效性。算法通过两个独立感知矩阵对二维信号的行列同时进行压缩感知,并考察信号的整体重构,缓解了传统算法引入的重构人为效应以及问题规模扩张带来的重构压力。理论分析和实验表明,新算法成功重构概率、重构信噪比等性能优于现有典型二维信号重构方法,且其运算复杂度较之一维化方法有所降低。